低温熔体中铝热还原制取Al-Sm(Gd)合金的研究

前言本文研究的A1—Sm(Gd)合金具有特异的优越核性能。当今核反应堆上普遍应用的防护热中子的材料仍是沿用美国的铝硼复合材料。这种材料是采用颗粒复合法加工成的,此工艺方法过程长,成品率低。就性能而言,铝硼材料坚硬而脆,不能承受较大变     

Reaction process of monazite and bastnaesite mixed rare earth minerals calcined by CaO-NaCl-CaCl2

The decomposition reactions of monazite and bastnaesite mixed rare earth minerals calcined by CaO-NaCl-CaCl2 were studied by means of TG-DTA and XRD. The results show that the process of the minerals decomposed by CaO involves two steps. The first step occurs in the temperature range of 425-540 ℃, and the main reactions are bastnaesite decomposition, i.e. REOF reacts with CaO to produce RE2O3 and CaF2, and Ce2O3 is oxidized to CeO2. During this step, CaCO3 is formed at about 500 ℃. The second step takes place in the temperature range of 610-700 ℃, and the reactions are monazite decomposition into RE2O3, Ca5F（PO4）3 and Ca3（PO4）2 by CaO and CaF2. In this process, the decomposition ability is improved because CaO from CaCO3 decomposing has high chemical activity. In calcining process, the new formed Ca5F（PO4）3 restrains fluorine that can escape in form of gaseous compound. The decomposition ratio of the mixed rare earth minerals reaches 90.8% at 700 ℃.     

Na3AlF6-AlF3-Al2O3-CaF2-MgF2-NaCl低温铝电解质密度的研究

用阿基米德实验方法,采用二次正交回归实验设计,研究了低温铝电解质Na3AlF6-AlF3-Al2O3-CaF2-MgF2-NaCl体系的密度.得到密度(ρ)与温度(t/℃)、分子比(CR)和NaCl质量分数(B/%)关系的简化方程:ρ=2.7305-1.225×10-3t 2.204×10-1 (CR)-2.014×10-3 (B-8.292)2.绘制了低温铝电解质密度的等值面图,并讨论了各因素对低温铝电解质密度的影响.经计算得出了实验条件下的密度为1.80～2.05 g/cm3,并与该电解工艺条件下的铝液密度对比,讨论了铝液与低温铝电解质的分离效果.     

荧光级氧化铕中杂质的控制

利用硫化物沉淀法，使氧化铕中杂含量达到荧光级标准，对硫化沉淀的条件进行了实验，得到了满意的结果。     

Influence of NaCl-CaCl2 on Decomposing REPO4 with CaO

The influence of NaCl-CaCl2 on thermal decomposition of REPO4（RE： Ce, La, Nd, Th） with CaO was studied. The heat decomposing process of REPO4 was tested with TG-DTA experiments. The results showed that the decomposition temperature of REPO4 with CaO was reduced because of adding NaCl-CaCl2 mixture （NaCl：CaCl2 = 1：1 ）. The influence of the addition of NaCl-CaCl2, roasting temperature and roasting time on decomposition ratio of REPO4 with CaO was studied. The results showed that the decomposition ratio of REPO4with CaO was 79% when the addition percentage of NaCl-CaCl2 was 10%, the roasting temperature was 750℃, and the roasting time was 1 h.     

以NaCl-CaCl2为助剂CaO分解氟碳铈矿的研究

现行分解氟碳铈矿过程中,氟以气相形式逸出,既浪费氟资源,又污染环境。为了寻求新的清洁冶金方法,文中采用DTA-TG和XRD热分析技术对CaO-NaCl-CaCl2焙烧标题矿物分解过程的化学反应进行了研究。用二次正交回归实验设计方法研究了氟碳铈矿分解率随四因素而变化的规律,得出了相应的回归方程,并得出的优化工艺条件：温度：700℃;CaO加入量：15%（质量百分数）;NaCl加入量10%（质量百分数）;焙烧时间：60 min,分解率为92.14%。通过分析讨论可知：由于CaO的加入,氟以CaF2固体的形式存在于焙烧产物中,抑制了气相氟的产生,本文采用的方法是一种清洁冶金工艺。     

酸度对P204-HCl-H3AOH 体系萃取La(Ⅲ)的机理影响

在pH >1、0204-煤油体系以及P₂₀₄-HCl-H₃AOH 体系负载 La有机相进行红外光谱测试,研究了酸度对P₂₀₄-HCl-H₃AOH 体系萃取La(Ⅲ)的机理影响。研究结果表明,当 pH>1时,萃取过程的实质是La离子与P-OH 置换,遵循阳离子交换机制;0相似文献   

P204-HCl-H3cit体系中镧铈分配比及分离系数研究

针对P204萃取剂在HCl体系中高酸度下镧铈分离系数较低的问题,研究了含有柠檬酸(H3cit)的P204-HCl体系中,料液酸度与柠檬酸浓度对镧铈分配比和分离系数及萃取容量的影响.采用FT-IR方法分析了镧铈分离系数提高的机理.实验结果表明:在P204-HCl-H3cit体系中,镧铈的分配比和分离系数随酸度的增大而降低,随柠檬酸浓度的增加而提高,稀土元素的萃取容量随柠檬酸浓度的增大而提高.当料液酸度pH值为1.0、柠檬酸浓度为0.25mol/L时,镧和铈的分离系数为4.1,稀土的最大萃取容量为24 g/L,其指标优于相同酸度下的皂化P204-HCl体系.     

抑制剂种类对油酸钠体系中焙烧稀土精矿可浮性的影响

从稀土精矿中提取稀土存在工艺复杂、对设备腐蚀严重、排放三废较多等问题.为了绿色而高效地利用稀土资源,将稀土精矿加氢氧化钙进行焙烧,考察油酸钠浮选体系中抑制剂种类对焙烧后稀土精矿(以REO单矿物表示)可浮性的影响.分别以焦磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、磷酸三钠、硅酸钠为无机抑制剂,以柠檬酸、乳酸、酒石酸为有机小分子抑制剂,以玉米淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、叔氨基阳离子醚化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠为有机高分子抑制剂,考察不同种类抑制剂对REO单矿物浮选行为的影响.结果表明:仅柠檬酸和焦磷酸钠对REO有明显的抑制作用,磷酸三钠和六偏磷酸钠对REO有微弱的抑制作用;焦磷酸钠在整个pH范围内对REO都有很强的抑制作用;柠檬酸对REO的抑制作用受pH值的影响,pH<8时抑制作用较强,REO基本上不浮,8相似文献   

High Temperature Chemical Reaction of La2O3 in H3BO3 -C System

The high temperature chemical reaction process of La2O3 in H3BO3-C system was studied by means of XRD and TG-DTA.The results showed that dehydration reaction of H3BO3 occurred in the temperature range of 82～390 ℃;La2O3 and B2O3 reacted to form LaB3O6,LaBO3,and B4C in the temperature range of 836～1400℃;at 1450 ℃,B4C and LaBO3 further reacted to form LaB4,and partial LaB4 and B reacted to form LaB6;at 1500 ℃,LaB4 and B reacting into LaB6 was the main reaction,and the content of LaB6 increased with prolonging time.