The resilience of scientific publication: From elite ancient academies to open access

• Scientific publication has been a key part of the scientific method since the inception of Philosophical Transactions in 1665.
• The scientific publications industry has grown exponentially along with science, incorporating technological innovations along the way, and adapting journal processes and practices to changing needs of science as it matured.
• Of all the technological innovations over more than 300 years, the move to online journals may be the most significant, making open access to content practical for the first time.
• The open‐access movement is disrupting the economics of journal publishing, which is hoped will make the industry more competitive: the ability of the publications industry to adapt to open access will be a measure of its resilience.
• The demand for articles published in reputable journals continues to grow as readers trust the credibility of peer reviewed journal articles, and good authors value the prestige of publishing in the best journals.
• It is difficult to predict what new functionalities may be included in articles of the future or what additional services publishers and editors will provide, but there is every reason to believe that scientific journal articles are here to stay.

     

Food (in)security communication: a Journal of Applied Communication Research forum addressing current challenges and future possibilities

ABSTRACT

This forum brings together food, (in)security, and communication. The authors participating in this forum center communication as both process and tool for understanding, mitigating, and making meaning of food (in)security. The nine authors together discuss the role of communication in food (in)security, the central challenges for scholars and practitioners working on food (in)security, and the creative possibilities and impacts influencing the future of food (in)security. The forum produces a call for applied scholars to re-imagine communication frameworks in order to make meaningful differences in their communities.     

A meta-cognitive approach to doping in sports: The effects of thought validation on attitudes related to doping

ABSTRACT

To better understand doping-related attitude change, it is important to consider not only the amount of thinking (i.e., elaboration) done by message recipients, but also the favourability of their thoughts in response to the proposal, as well as the perceived validity in their thoughts. The main goal of the present study was to analyse the effects of a meta-cognitive process (i.e., thought validation) on attitudes related to doping. Thus, we randomly assigned participants to read a message either against or in favour of legalising several doping behaviours. Participants listed their thoughts regarding the proposal and indicated the perceived validity in their thoughts, then reported their attitudes. As hypothesised, the message against legalisation elicited more unfavourable thoughts and attitudes than the message in favour of legalisation. Most relevantly, the effects of the message direction on attitudes were greater for participants with higher (vs. lower) levels of thought validity. Furthermore, consistent with the thought validation process, results revealed that thought favourability was a better predictor of attitudes for participants with higher (vs. lower) perceived thought validity, indicating that perceiving one’s thoughts as valid plays an important role in persuasion. These findings provide novel insights for research and interventions regarding doping in sports.     

Learner Characteristics that Influence the Treatment Effectiveness of Early Literacy Interventions: A Meta‐Analytic Review

The purpose of this article was to systematically review the available research on learner characteristics that influence the treatment effectiveness of early literacy interventions. Meta‐analytic procedures were applied to a total of 30 studies that met the inclusionary and exclusionary criteria. Mean average effect sizes were computed for seven primary learner characteristic categories: (1) rapid naming, (2) alphabetic principle, (3) phonological awareness, (4) problem behavior, (5) memory, (6) IQ, and (7) demographic. The primary learner characteristics that influenced the treatment responsiveness of early literacy interventions were, in order of magnitude, rapid naming, problem behavior, phonological awareness, alphabetic principle, memory, IQ, and demographics. With the exception of the demographic category, the obtained effect sizes for the primary learner characteristics were moderately large. The demographic primary learner characteristic (i.e., disability, ethnicity, grade‐level status) of children was not statistically (p < 0.05) distinct from zero. The findings, limitations, and future research needs are discussed.     

Graduate Programs That Prepare Educational Measurement Specialists

What are typical requirements in graduate measurement programs? How d o programs in measurement and research methods differ?     

高校体育教育专业武术普修的教法研究

针对目前体育教育专业学生武术普修课的现状与问题 ,通过教学内容的优化重组 ,运用设课、说课、作课和评课等方式 ,采取多样化的教学方法与手段 ,逐步强化学生的创新思维和培养学生的综合能力 ,取得了较为明显的效果。并提出了相应的对策和建议 ,为体育教育专业学生武术普修的教法改革提供参考     

Self-incompatibility and Ubiquitination/26 Proteasome Pathway:A Sexual Link Revealed

Most flowering plants are bisexual with both male and female gametes on the same individual or flower. Selfpollination or inbreeding often leads to a gradual decline in genetic diversity, which can cause the whole species to die off during evolution.To prevent inbreeding, some plants have evolved self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms to recognize and reject "self" pollen.     

西部地区农村中小学现代远程教育成本核算方法研究

目前我国西部地区农村中小学现代远程教育工程的实施已经取得了阶段性成果,为了提高其应用效益,实现可持续发展,就必须树立"成本效益观"。文章在借鉴国内外比较成熟的成本分析和核算的理论与方法的基础上,试图探索和建立一种较为科学和切实可行的农村中小学现代远程教育成本核算的具体方法,以便为西部地区农村中小学现代远程教育的可持续发展提供理论依据。     

张良在反秦助刘邦封汉王中的贡献

张良是家有万金的韩国贵族公子，国灭家破后为报仇，曹募壮士刺杀秦始皇．失败后读兵书交豪杰，终成为反秦农民军小首领。投靠刘邦后．他在刘邦率军西进灭秦中出谋划策，起了不可估量的作用。“鸿门宴”中他机智多谋，保护了刘邦的生命。他又送汉王赴南郑，途中献计而返，为汉王的东进做准备。