萃取—钼蓝比色法测定杞菊地黄口服液总磷脂含量

本文采用folch试剂萃取,以钼蓝比色法对14枇杞菊地黄口服液中总磷脂成分进行了含量测定。分析结果表明,回收率的变异系数为2.18%,该法简便准确,专一性强,为杞菊地黄口服液的内在质量控制提供了分析方法。     

Differences in LDL oxidizability by glycemic status: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences in LDL oxidizability by glycemic status within the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: LDL oxidizability (lag time and oxidation rate) after exposure to copper was compared among 352 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, and known type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, clinic, ethnicity, sex, and smoking status, LDL oxidation rates differed by glycemic status (P = 0.001), with a strong trend (P = 0.0001) for reduced LDL oxidation rate with increasing extent and duration of glucose intolerance (2,378 +/- 54, 2,208 +/- 65, 2,145 +/- 71, and 2,115 +/- 48 arbitrary units [mean +/- SE] for NGT, IGT, newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, and known type 2 diabetes, respectively). Differences in LDL oxidation rate among groups were relatively unaltered by adjustment for lipids and lipoproteins, hypertension, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and remained significant even after further adjustment for dietary antioxidants and fatty acids, as well as medications. LDL lag times differed marginally by glycemic status (P = 0.058), with similar values for NGT, IGT, and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (57-60 min) but higher values for known type 2 diabetes (65 +/- 2). These differences were eliminated by further adjustment for lipids and lipoproteins, hypertension, BMI, and WHR. CONCLUSIONS: We found that glycemic status influenced LDL oxidizability, with a paradoxical reduction in LDL oxidizability, as indicated by a lower LDL oxidation rate with increased extent and duration of glucose intolerance. This difference was only slightly attenuated by adjustment for relevant demographic, metabolic, dietary, and pharmacological factors that potentially influence LDL oxidation.     

重庆地区小儿肺炎细菌耐药性及抗生素应用分析

目的分析重庆地区小儿肺炎常见病原菌构成及其耐药性,探讨临床抗生素的合理应用.方法吸取1 165例小儿肺炎下呼吸道分泌物,利用microscan全自动微生物分析仪进行细菌鉴定、培养及药敏试验,并统计临床初始抗生素应用情况.结果细菌总分离数为392株(33.7%),其中革兰阴性菌257株(65.6%),前5位依次为肺炎克雷伯菌、流感嗜血杆菌、副流感嗜血杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌及大肠埃希菌;革兰阳性细菌为135株(34.4%),依次为肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌.药物敏感实验显示:铜绿假单胞菌与葡萄球菌呈多重耐药,其它细菌对抗生素敏感性差异较大,较敏感的有头孢呋辛、头孢曲松等;而泰能、阿米卡星、万古霉素则高度敏感.1 165例小儿肺炎使用抗生素种类达21种,使用率100%.单用一种者占38.5%,联合二种者占61.5%;无一例首选万古霉素或泰能.初始抗生素治愈率为76.7%(894/1 165例),好转率为18.5%(216/1 165例).结论重庆地区小儿肺炎病原菌以革兰阴性菌占优势,不同细菌对抗生素敏感性差异较大;临床多选用二、三代头孢菌素.积极监测细菌耐药性,有助于提供选择抗生素的依据,对提高疗效和避免耐药菌株的快速增长有重要意义.     

miR-34a靶向调控Akt/Bcl-2对乳腺癌细胞多柔比星耐药性的影响

目的：探讨miR-34a通过下调AKT/BCL2信号通路对乳腺癌细胞多柔比星耐药性的影响及其分子机制?方法：通过实时定量PCR法检测miR-34a-3p在乳腺癌细胞（MCF-7）和乳腺耐药细胞株（MCF-7/ADR）中的表达,并成功构建miR-34a mimics/inhibitor调控其表达水平;通过CCK8法分别筛选多柔比星处理MCF-7及MCF-7/ADR细胞的IC50值并处理细胞;使用CCK8,流式细胞技术以及免疫印迹实验验证在miR-34a过表达及干扰组中,乳腺癌细胞存活率,凋亡细胞百分比以及AKT/BCL2信号通路的改变。结果：miR-34a在MCF-7/ADR中的表达显著低MCF-7细胞,同时成功构建miR-34a过表达及敲减模型;多柔比星处理MCF-7及MCF-7/ADR细胞的IC50分别为0.89 μg/mL、13.61 μg/mL。当MCF-7及MCF-7/ADR细胞中miR-34a表达水平降低时,经多柔比星处理后,细胞存活率显著升高（P<0.05）,凋亡细胞比例显著减少（P<0.01）,同时下游AKT/BCL2信号表达上调（P<0.01）。而当MCF-7/ADR细胞中miR-34a表达升高时相应的观察到相反的细胞表型。结论：miR-34a在乳腺癌细胞中的表达下调,可能通过减少对AKT/BCL2信号的负向调控,减少细胞凋亡,进而增强细胞对多柔比星的耐药性。     

Prevalence of complete resistance to at least two classes of antiretroviral drugs in treated HIV-1-infected patients: a French nationwide study

The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of HIV-1 resistance to all drugs belonging to two or more antiretroviral drug (ARV) classes in treated patients in France. All genotyping assays performed in June 2001 and in November 2002 by the ANRS resistance laboratory network were analyzed by the ANRS algorithm. The 17 and 21 centers of the ANRS network participating in the study in 2001 and 2002, respectively, genotyped the viruses in plasma of 456 and 529 patients, respectively. In 2002, the proportions of patients harboring viruses fully resistant to one, two, and three ARV classes were 5.1%, 8.1%, and 2.5%, respectively. These results were similar to those obtained in 2001. In 2002, among the 56 patients with viruses completely resistant to at least two ARV classes, 98%, 96%, and 29% of patients had viruses with complete class resistance to NRTIs, NNRTIs, and PIs, respectively. Complete resistance to PIs was less frequent than full resistance to the other two ARV classes, and ritonavir-boosted amprenavir and lopinavir/r remained potentially active in respectively 71.4% and 42.9% of these 56 patients. In 2001 and 2002, respectively 30% of the 65 patients and 24% of the 56 patients with viruses completely resistant to at least two ARV classes were at an advanced stage of HIV disease, with CD4(+) cell counts below 200/microl and viral loads above 30 000 copies/ml. In France, the prevalence of HIV-1 viruses completely resistant to two or more ARV classes remained stable between 2001 and 2002. Resistance to RT inhibitors was more frequent than resistance to PIs in patients with viruses completely resistant to two or three classes of ARV.     

针灸临证拾遗

针灸疗法具有适应证广、简便经济、疗效显著等特点,且具有较好的安全性,无毒副作用,为其他药物疗法所不及,值得临床广泛应用。     

Evolution of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in HIV-1-infected patients in Italy from 2000 to 2010

Prevalence and predictors of transmitted drug resistance (TDR), defined as the presence of at least one WHO surveillance drug resistance mutation (SDRM), were investigated in antiretroviral-na?ve HIV-1-infected patients, with a genotypic resistance test (GRT) performed ≤6 months before starting cART between 2000 and 2010. 3163 HIV-1 sequences were selected (69% subtype B). Overall, the prevalence of TDR was 12% (13.2% subtype B, 9% non-B). TDR significantly declined overall and for the single drug classes. Older age independently predicted increased odds of TDR, whereas a more recent GRT, a higher HIV-RNA and C vs. B subtype predicted lower odds of TDR.     

气相色谱法测定肉桂叶中桂皮醛的含量

目的：采用气相色谱法测定了肉桂叶中桂皮醛的含量。方法：色谱柱以10％PEG20M为固定相,FID检测器,结果：平均回收率为102．4％,RSD为1．3％,结论：该方法简单、准确,重现性好。