伊朗传统医学治疗牙周疾病

目的:牙周疾病非常普遍,尽管有各种特定的治疗方法,但我们始终面临治疗方法有限的问题。考虑到世界组织十分关注传统医学在医疗服务中的发展和应用,我们在一直考察研究伊朗传统医学中药物对牙周疾病的治疗作用。方法:此项研究是一个对有关方面书籍的综合论述,伊朗传统医学内容是经过对重量级作者如Avicenna和Alzahrawy所著的有价值的书籍修订,收集了各医学院校馆藏图书和医药公司的有关信息编辑而成,因为在伊朗传统医学中牙周疾病分成不同目类,对有关药物的研究也被分成8个大组63个题目。(1)缓解牙龈肿胀药物(2)治疗牙龈恶化药物(3)治疗口疮腐烂药物(4)治疗牙龈肥大药物(5)利于伤口康复药物(6)利于牙龈加固的药物(7)阻止牙龈出血的药物(8)防止牙齿松动药物。结果结论:伊朗传统医学在准确的观察和实践的基础上来描述和治疗牙周疾病的。在制药学、有效治疗方面、科学研究手段等领域,伊朗传统医学在以下几个方面可作为现代制药研究的重要资源:(1)纯天然资源(2)容易获得(3)相对比较安全。     

Sandwich type polyoxometalates encapsulated into the mesoporous material: synthesis,characterization and catalytic application in the selective oxidation of sulfides

The A-type sandwich polyoxometalates of [(HOSn^IVOH)₃(PW₉O₃₄)₂]¹²⁻ (P₂W₁₈Sn₃) and [(OCe^IVO)₃(PW₉O₃₄)₂]¹²⁻ (P₂W₁₈Ce₃) were immobilized for the first time into the porous metal–organic framework MIL-101(Cr). FT-IR, powder X-ray diffraction, SEM-EDX, ICP analysis, N₂ adsorption and thermogravimetric analysis collectively confirmed immobilization and good distribution of polyoxometalates into cages of MIL-101(Cr). The catalytic activities of the homogeneous P₂W₁₈Sn₃ and P₂W₁₈Ce₃ and the corresponding heterogeneous catalysts were examined in the oxidation of sulfides to sulfones with H₂O₂ as the oxidant at room temperature. The effects of different dosages of polyoxometalates, type of solvent, reaction time, amount of catalyst and oxidant in this catalytic system were investigated. The new P₂W₁₈Sn₃@MIL-101 and P₂W₁₈Ce₃@MIL-101 nanocomposites exhibited good recyclability and reusability in at least five consecutive reaction cycles without significant loss of activity or selectivity.

The A-type sandwich POMs of [(HOSn^IVOH)₃(PW₉O₃₄)₂]^12– (P₂W₁₈Sn₃) and [(OCe^IVO)₃(PW₉O₃₄)₂]^12– (P₂W₁₈Ce₃) were immobilized for the first time into the porous MIL-101 MOF. Their catalytic activities were examined in the oxidation of sulfides to sulfones at room temperature.     

Cognitive impairments in patients with cerebrovascular risk factors: A comparison of Mini Mental Status Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment

Objective and background

Recent evidence suggests that cerebrovascular risk factors are contributing factors, not only to vascular cognitive decline, but also for Alzheimer's disease. The study aim was to compare Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and MMSE tests in subjects with cerebrovascular risk factors.

Patients and methods

Fifty patients with cerebrovascular risk factors were administrated the MMSE and MoCA tests. Data collected for all subjects and the results were compared.

Results

Cognitive impairments revealed on both tests were more frequent in females, and correlated with the level of education (for MoCA r = 0.75, p = 0.001 and for MMSE r = 0.662, p = 0.001). Mean values of MoCA score were significantly lower in patients with two or more cerebrovascular risk factors compared with those with only one risk factor (19.92 ± 5.99 versus 23.81 ± 4.06; p = 0.049), a finding that was not evidenced by MMSE.

Conclusions

The most frequent impaired domain in MMSE (for scores both less and more than 26) was attention; but in MoCA the most frequent impaired domains were delayed recall (for scores above 26), and visuo-executive (for scores ≤26), which is a common domain involved in vascular cognitive decline. MoCA may be superior to MMSE in early detection of cognitive decline in patients with vascular risk factors.     

Oxidative stress parameters and keap 1 variants in T2DM: Association with T2DM,diabetic neuropathy,diabetic retinopathy,and obesity

IntroductionChronic hyperglycemia activates the inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress mechanisms with consequent damage to nerve tissue and retina. The Keap1‐Nrf2 pathway acts as one of the most important antioxidant pathways of the organism. Variants of Keap1 could affect susceptibility to diabetes and its complications.MethodsIn a case‐control study, 400 individuals included type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without complication, with neuropathy, with retinopathy, and healthy individuals were investigated. The levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured using chemical methods. Using the PCR‐RFLP method, the Keap1 (rs11085735) variants were identified.ResultsNeuropathic patients had significantly lower levels of GSH, GPx, and TAC and higher levels of total oxidative status (TOS), MDA, and oxidative stress index (OSI) compared to T2DM patients without complication and controls. Lower levels of GSH and GPx and a higher level of MDA were observed in patients with retinopathy compared with controls. Obesity was associated with significantly lower GPx activity and higher TOS. A significantly higher Keap1 AA genotype was found in patients with neuropathy than T2DM without complication and controls. The presence of Keap1 AA genotype correlated with lower GPx activity compared to CC genotype.ConclusionsOur study suggests the role of reduced antioxidant system and Keap1 variants in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its complications of neuropathy and retinopathy and also obesity in enhanced oxidative stress. Monitoring oxidative stress parameters in diabetic patients, especially those with complication and their treatment with antioxidants is suggested.