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1.
Ring-opening metathesis copolymerization of 5-norbornen-2-yl 1 System. name: bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl. acetate (NBEAc; 80% endo) with cyclooctene (COE) and norbornene 2 System. name: bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene. (NBE) was studied using WCl6/(CH3)4Sn as catalytic system. The copolymerization parameters (r1 = r2 = 1 for the NBEAc/NBE system and r1 = 1/r2 = 132 for the NBEAc/COE system) show that the reactivity of the monomers is not affected by the presence of an ester substituent but that it depends on the structure of the hydrocarbon cycle. Thus the well known inhibition effect of the ester group may be concluded not to lie in the propagation step of the catalytic cycle. 相似文献
2.
Nuclear transcription factors in the hippocampus 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
3.
Balcar VJ 《Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin》2002,25(3):291-301
The Na+-dependent transport of L-glutamate (GluT) has been identified in brain tissue more than thirty years ago. Neurochemical studies, performed in various experimental models during 1970's, defined the basic rules for the selection or synthesis of GluT-specific substrates and inhibitors. The protein molecules (transporters) that mediate the translocation of the substrates across the plasma membrane have been cloned and studied during the last ten years. The sites on the transporters that bind the substrates favour glutamate-like or aspartate-like molecules with one positively charged and two negatively charged ionised groups. Substituents at C3 and C4 are often tolerated but substitutions at C2 or alterations of the ionisable groups usually impede the binding. The substrate binding sites display an "anomalous" selectivity towards stereoisomers. These structural requirements are shared by all Na+-dependent glutamate transporters thus making the design of transporter-selective ligands a challenging task. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms of the transport have not yet been adequately elucidated. Data from a wide variety of experimental studies strongly indicate that Na+-dependent GluT regulates the functioning of the glutamatergic excitatory synapses-the most important rapid inter-neuronal signalling system in the mammalian brain. Altered structural and/or functional properties of the Na+-dependent glutamate transporters have been implicated in the damage to the brain tissue following cerebral ischaemia and in the progressive loss of neurons in conditions such as Alzheimer dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Furthermore, it seems that fine-tuning of glutamatergic neurotransmission by regulating the Na+-dependent GluT could be useful in the therapy of schizophrenia. 相似文献
4.
Thomas Talbot Antonio D'Alessio Matthias Pinter Lorenz Balcar Bernhard Scheiner Thomas U. Marron Tomi Jun Sirish Dharmapuri Celina Ang Anwaar Saeed Hannah Hildebrand Mahvish Muzaffar Claudia A. M. Fulgenzi Suneetha Amara Abdul Rafeh Naqash Anuhya Gampa Anjana Pillai Yinghong Wang Uqba Khan Pei-Chang Lee Yi-Hsiang Huang Bertram Bengsch Dominik Bettinger Yehia I. Mohamed Ahmed Kaseb Tiziana Pressiani Nicola Personeni Lorenza Rimassa Naoshi Nishida Masatoshi Kudo Arndt Weinmann Peter R. Galle Ambreen Muhammed Alessio Cortellini Arndt Vogel David J. Pinato 《Liver international》2023,43(3):695-707
Background and Aims
Different approaches are available after the progression of disease (PD) to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including the continuation of ICI, treatment switching to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and cessation of anticancer therapy. We sought to characterise the relationship between radiological patterns of progression and survival post-ICI, also appraising treatment strategies.Methods
We screened 604 HCC patients treated with ICIs, including only those who experienced PD by data cut-off. We evaluated post-progression survival (PPS) according to the treatment strategy at PD and verified its relationship with radiological patterns of progression: intrahepatic growth (IHG), new intrahepatic lesion (NIH), extrahepatic growth (EHG), new extrahepatic lesion (NEH) and new vascular invasion (nVI).Results
Of 604 patients, 364 (60.3%) experienced PD during observation. Median PPS was 5.3 months (95% CI: 4.4–6.9; 271 events). At the data cut-off, 165 patients (45%) received no post-progression anticancer therapy; 64 patients (17.6%) continued ICI beyond PD. IHG (HR 1.64 [95% CI: 1.21–2.22]; p = .0013) and nVI (HR 2.15 [95% CI: 1.38–3.35]; p = .0007) were associated with shorter PPS. Multivariate models adjusted for progression patterns, treatment line and albumin-bilirubin grade and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status at PD confirmed receipt of ICI beyond PD with (HR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.09–0.32; p < .0001) or without subsequent TKI (HR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.26–0.58; p < .0001) as predictors of prolonged PPS versus no anticancer therapy.Conclusions
ICI-TKI sequencing is a consolidated option in advanced HCC. nVI and IHG predict a poorer prognosis. Despite lack of recommendation, the continuation of ICI beyond progression in HCC is adopted clinically: future efforts should appraise which patients benefit from this approach. 相似文献5.
Bielik Peter Bonczek Ondřej Krejčí Přemysl Zeman Tomáš Izakovičová-Hollá Lydie Šoukalová Jana Vaněk Jiří Vojtěšek Bořivoj Lochman Jan Balcar Vladimir J. Šerý Omar 《Clinical oral investigations》2022,26(12):7045-7055
Clinical Oral Investigations - The aim of this study was the analysis of WNT10A variants in seven families of probands with various forms of tooth agenesis and self-reported family history of... 相似文献
6.
Caroline Rae Charbel El-Hajj Moussa Julian L Griffin Sapan B Parekh William A Bubb Nicholas H Hunt Vladimir J Balcar 《Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism》2006,26(8):1005-1017
A range of behaviours are elucidated via ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluR). In this work, we examined the acute activation of iGluRs by a range of receptor ligands and effectors to see whether distinguishable metabolic sequelae were elucidated by the activity. We used a guinea-pig brain cortical tissue slice model using targeted receptor ligands ((RS)-(tetrazol-5-yl)glycine (TZG), (5S,10R)-(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801, dizocilpine), cis-4-[phosphomethyl]-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid (CGS 19755), (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, (2S, 3S, 4S)-2-carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid (kainate) and D-serine (D-Ser), as well as compounds (quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid (KynA)) involved in some neuroinflammatory responses. The data were derived using 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and analysed by metabolomic approaches and multivariate statistics. The metabolic effects of agonists at the three major classes of iGluR were easily separated from each other using this method. The classical N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist TZG and the antagonist CGS 19755 produced excitatory and inhibitory metabolic responses, respectively, while the blocker MK-801 resulted in a significant decrease in net metabolism and produced the largest decrease in all metabolite pool sizes seen by any glutamatergic ligand we have studied. Quinolinic acid and KynA produced similar acute metabolic responses, which were unlike those to TZG or CGS 19755, but similar to that of D-Ser. D-Ser was highly stimulatory of net flux into the Krebs cycle. These data show that the metabolic response to iGluR perturbation in vitro is a sensitive discriminator of function. 相似文献
7.
Is there a non-synaptic component in the K+-stimulated release of GABA in the developing rat cortex? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Postnatal development of the K+-stimulated release of [3H]GABA in rat cortex slices was compared to the density of Gray type 2 synapses (which correlate with GABAergic synapses in rat cortex). The [3H]GABA release system develops earlier than the inhibitory synapses which suggests that, at least in the young cortical tissue, a large part of the release mechanism is associated with other than synaptic structures. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
Central actions of somatostatin 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
H R Olpe V J Balcar H Bittiger H Rink P Sieber 《European journal of pharmacology》1980,63(2-3):127-133
Somatostatin (SRIF) was applied microiontophoretically to neurons in the frontal and parietal neocortex, the hippocampus and the striatum of rats anaesthetized with either urethane or chloral hydrate. Qualitatively identical results were obtained under both anaesthetic conditions. In urethane-treated rats SRIF elicited a dose-dependent increase of the firing rate of 74% of the neurons studied in the frontal cortex and of 46% of the neurons studied in the parietal cortex. All cortical cells identified as pyramidal cells were excited. In the hippocampus SRIF provoked excitatory responses in two thirds of all neurons. Six out of the nine cells identified as pyramidal cells were excited by SRIF. In the striatum 80% of all neurons were excited. Following repeated exposure of central neurons to SRIF, the magnitude of the excitatory response gradually diminished, indicating desensitisation. SRIF in concentrations ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-4) M did not interfere with the binding of (3H)-muscimol to GABA receptor sites. The release of GABA from synapses preloaded with (3H-GABA) was not influenced by SRIF in the concentration range from 10(-6) to 10(-4) M. These results indicated that SRIF does not evoke the excitatory responses through attenuation of GABA-mediated inhibition. In conclusion, the findings support the hypothesis that somatostatin may function as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. 相似文献