改良STAF评分对急性脑梗死合并房颤的预测研究

目的通过建立纳入磁共振(MR)弥散加权成像(DWI)病灶空间分布特征和氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)的改良房颤鉴别评分(STAF)量表,提高预测急性脑梗死患者合并房颤的灵敏度和特异度。方法连续收集2017年11月至2018年10月入住西安交通大学第一附属医院神经内科ICU的急性脑梗死患者的临床资料,分别进行STAF评分、改良STAF评分以及LADS评分量表评价,并以STAF评分、改良STAF和LADS评分对房颤诊断与否分别绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,根据ROC曲线寻找各自最优截断值,比较不同预测方式对所收集病例进行房颤预测的灵敏度和特异度。结果 STAF评分最优截断值为5分,改良STAF评分最优截断值为6分,LADS评分最优截断值为4分;处于最优截断值时,改良STAF评分的灵敏度为100%,特异度为84. 1%,均较STAF评分的灵敏度(84. 6%)、特异度(82. 6%)高。结论改良STAF评分较STAF评分提高了预测急性脑梗死合并房颤的灵敏度和特异度。     

神经病、神经外科和精神病学杂志

严重脑损伤后17年的社会心理调整;由琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDHA）黄素蛋白（Fp）亚单位突变所致Leigh综合征;动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血早期循环中的内皮细胞激活标记物水平：与脑缺血事件和预后的关系;CSF前列腺素E2水平与认知功能下降和阿尔茨海默病存活率的关系；变异型克罗伊茨费尔特-雅各布病患者的CSF磷酸-tau蛋白浓度升高：诊断和病理学意义。     

钬激光治疗尿道狭窄12例报告

目的探讨腔内钬激光治疗尿道狭窄的方法。方法12例尿道狭窄病人均采用腔内钬激光治疗，观察其疗效。结果所有手术均成功。尿道狭窄患者在拔除尿管后排尿通畅，尿线粗，无尿失禁，无阳瘘及尿瘘。结论腔内钬激光治疗尿道狭窄是一种安全、微创、出血量极少的治疗方法，疗效显著，并发症少，值得推广应用。     

尼麦角林在脑血管病中的应用

尼麦角林是一种麦角生物碱衍生物，广泛应用于脑血管病患者认知障碍的治疗。多项临
床前研究显示，尼麦角林对于认知障碍的改善可能与以下因素有关：尼麦角林除能够改善脑循环，
促进神经递质释放外，还具有营养神经及抗氧化等作用。目前的研究认为，尼麦角林能够改善患者
卒中后抑郁相关的情绪障碍以及有效改善血管性痴呆，提高患者的日常生活能力。同时，尼麦角林具
有良好的安全性，目前暂无尼麦角林治疗导致纤维化或麦角中毒的研究报道。本文就尼麦角林在神
经系统的作用机制、临床疗效及安全性进行综述，以期为临床应用提供参考。     

眼脉冲幅度增加提示动脉反流

目的:报道1例因双眼脉冲幅度(OPA)增加发现动脉反流的病例,而后者正是引起OPA增加的原因。设计:病例报道。方法:偶然发现双眼OPA增高,由此发现脉压增高和动脉反流。患者接受动脉瓣膜手术,待动脉脉压恢复正常后评价OPA。结果:动脉脉压高时的双眼OPA为9mmHg,动脉脉压恢复正常后的双眼OPA为3mmHg。结论:动脉脉压增高可以导致OPA增高。眼脉冲幅度增加提示动脉反流@McKee H.D.R.$Hull and East Yorkshire Eye Hospital, Fountain Street, Hull, Uni ted Kingdom @Saldaa M. @Ahad M.A. @张少娟…     

糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死临床分析

目的:对糖尿病发生急性心肌梗死的临床特点进行分析.方法:回顾性分析90例急性心肌梗死病人资料,比较糖尿病发生急性心肌梗死与非糖尿病发生急性心肌梗死(各45例)的临床特点.结果:糖尿病人发生急性心肌梗死组无痛性心梗发生率、病变部位弥漫性,严重并发症发生率,病死率均明显高于非糖尿病组(P＜0.05).结论:糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死无痛性心梗发生率高,且多部位病变,严重心脏并发症多,住院病死率高,预后差.     

Nuclear Factor κB and Anesthetic Preconditioning during Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion

Background: Volatile anesthetic preconditioning (APC) protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, but the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain undefined. To investigate the molecular mechanism of APC in myocardial protection, the activation of nuclear factor (NF) [kappa]B and its regulated inflammatory mediators expression were examined in the current study.

Methods: Hearts from male rats were isolated, Langendorff perfused, and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) the control group: hearts were continuously perfused for 130 min; (2) the IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 15 min of baseline, 25 min of ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion; and (3) the APC + IR group: 30 min of equilibration, 10 min of sevoflurane exposure and a 5-min washout, 25 min of global ischemia, 60 min of reperfusion. Tissue samples were acquired at the end of reperfusion. NF-[kappa]B activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The NF-[kappa]B inhibitor, I[kappa]B-[alpha], was determined by Western blot analysis. Myocardial inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, were also assessed by Western blot analysis.

Results: Nuclear factor [kappa]B-DNA binding activity was significantly increased at the end of reperfusion in rat myocardium, and cytosolic I[kappa]B-[alpha] was decreased. Supershift assay revealed the involvement of NF-[kappa]B p65 and p50 subunits. APC with sevoflurane attenuated NF-[kappa]B activation and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor [alpha], interleukin 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. APC also reduced infarct size and creatine kinase release and improved myocardial left ventricular developed pressure during IR.     

Morphine Enhances Pharmacological Preconditioning by Isoflurane: Role of Mitochondrial KATP Channels and Opioid Receptors

Background: Adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels mediate protection against myocardial infarction produced by volatile anesthetics and opioids. We tested the hypothesis that morphine enhances the protective effect of isoflurane by activating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels and opioid receptors.

Methods: Barbiturate-anesthetized rats (n = 131) were instrumented for measurement of hemodynamics and subjected to a 30 min coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was determined using triphenyltetrazolium staining. Rats were randomly assigned to receive 0.9% saline, isoflurane (0.5 and 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]), morphine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), or morphine (0.3 mg/kg) plus isoflurane (1.0 MAC). Isoflurane was administered for 30 min and discontinued 15 min before coronary occlusion. In eight additional groups of experiments, rats received 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD; 10 mg/kg) or naloxone (6 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.

Results: Isoflurane (1.0 MAC) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg) reduced infarct size (41 +/- 3%; n = 13 and 38 +/- 2% of the area at risk; n = 10, respectively) as compared to control experiments (59 +/- 2%; n = 10). Morphine plus isoflurane further decreased infarct size to 26 +/- 3% (n = 11). 5-HD and naloxone alone did not affect infarct size, but abolished cardioprotection produced by isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.     

Eliminating Intensive Postoperative Care in Same-day Surgery Patients Using Short-acting Anesthetics

Background: A multidisciplinary effort was undertaken to determine whether patients could safely bypass the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) after same-day surgery by moving to an earlier time point evaluation of recovery criteria.

Methods: A prospective, outcomes research study with a baseline month, an intervention month, and a follow-up month was designed. Five surgical centers (three community-based hospitals and two freestanding ambulatory surgical centers) were utilized. Two thousand five hundred eight patients were involved in the baseline period, and 2,354 were involved in the follow-up period. Outcome measures included PACU bypass rates and adverse events. Intervention consisted of a multidisciplinary educational program and routine feedback reports.

Results: The overall PACU bypass rate (58%) was significantly different from baseline (15.9%, P < 0.001), for patients to whom a general anesthetic was administered (0.4-31.8%, P < 0.001), and for those given other anesthetic techniques (monitored anesthesia care, regional or local anesthetics; 29.1-84.2%, P < 0.001). During the follow-up period, the average (SD) recovery duration for patients who bypassed the PACU was significantly shorter compared to that for patients who did not bypass, 84.6 (61.5) versus 175.1 (98.8) min, P < 0.001, with no change in patient outcome. Patients receiving only short-acting anesthetics were 78% more likely (P < 0.002) to bypass the PACU after adjusting for various surgical procedures.     

子宫肌瘤经子宫动脉栓塞术治疗后患者满意度和生活质量调查

目的:评估子宫肌瘤患者经子宫动脉栓塞术(UAE)治疗后临床症状严重程度、健康相关生活质量(HRQOL)的变化及对治疗满意度的调查。设计:对1998～2002年80例经UAE治疗的子宫肌瘤患者进行问卷调查,了解治疗的有效性、治疗前后的临床症状严重程度及HRQOL的变化。主要观察指标:UAE治疗后症状严重程度及HRQOL评分的变化。次要观察指标:患者满意度及子宫体积缩小程度。结果:64例(80.0%)患者完成了问卷,调查时间为UAE后平均32.1月(范围:57.5～6月)。UAE后子宫体积平均缩小26.3%(95%CI19.6～33.0),79例患者中17例(21.5%)于术后平均18.6月…