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1.
Not all young children benefit from book exposure in preschool age. It is claimed that the ability to hold information in
mind (short-term memory), to ignore distraction (inhibition), and to focus attention and stay focused (sustained attention) may have a moderating effect on children’s reactions to the home literacy environment. In a group of 228 junior kindergarten
children with a native Dutch background, with a mean age of 54.29 months (SD = 2.12 months), we explored therefore the relationship
between book exposure, cognitive control and early literacy skills. Parents filled in a HLE questionnaire (book sharing frequency
and an author recognition checklist as indicator of parental leisure reading habits), and children completed several tests
in individual sessions with the researcher (a book-cover recognition test, PPVT, letter knowledge test, the subtests categories
and patterns of the SON, and cognitive control measures namely digit span of the KABC, a peg tapping task and sustained attention
of the ANT). Main findings were: (1) Children’s storybook knowledge mediated the relationship between home literacy environment
and literacy skills. (2) Both vocabulary and letter knowledge were predicted by book exposure. (3) Short-term memory predicted
vocabulary over and above book exposure. (4) None of the cognitive control mechanisms moderated the beneficial effects of
book exposure. 相似文献
2.
Martin Weiss Alexandra Newman Ceri Whitmore Stephan Weiss 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(4):393-401
Sprint and distance running have experienced remarkable performance improvements over the past century. Attempts to forecast running performances share an almost similarly long history but have relied so far on relatively short data series. Here, we compile a comprehensive set of season-best performances for eight Olympically contested running events. With this data set, we conduct (1) an exponential time series analysis and (2) a power-law experience curve analysis to quantify the rate of past performance improvements and to forecast future performances until the year 2100. We find that the sprint and distance running performances of women and men improve exponentially with time and converge at yearly rates of 4% ± 3% and 2% ± 2%, respectively, towards their asymptotic limits. Running performances can also be modelled with the experience curve approach, yielding learning rates of 3% ± 1% and 6% ± 2% for the women's and men's events, respectively. Long-term trends suggest that: (1) women will continue to run 10–20% slower than men, (2) 9.50 s over 100 m dash may only be broken at the end of this century and (3) several middle- and long-distance records may be broken within the next two to three decades. The prospects of witnessing a sub-2 hour marathon before 2100 remain inconclusive. Our results should be interpreted cautiously as forecasting human behaviour is intrinsically uncertain. The future season-best sprint and distance running performances will continue to scatter around the trends identified here and may yield unexpected improvements of standing world records. 相似文献
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Skedsmo Guri Huber Stephan Gerhard 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2019,31(3):251-255
Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability - 相似文献
6.
Klingner Stephan Miller Mihail Becker Michael Schumacher Frank 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2021,45(4):633-670
Journal of Cultural Economics - In the competitive, increasingly international music business, publishers are developing new ways to increase effectiveness and efficiency of the monetization of the... 相似文献
7.
The present research investigated whether co-viewer comments in social TV interactions are able to enhance or weaken media effects. With the example of talent shows, the valence of co-viewer comments (pro/contra/none) as well as the type of content (antisocial behavior vs. conventional performance) were varied in an experiment (N = 117). Results showed that participants’ own comments and their private attitudes about the judges varied in line with comment valence. Findings suggest that social TV viewers are prone to social influence of their co-viewers, which might amplify problems regarding the portrayal of antisocial behavior in reality TV. 相似文献
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Stephan Gerhard Huber Maren Hiltmann 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2011,23(1):65-88
The professional demands on school leaders have changed drastically and have become highly complex in the last few years.
The professionalization of school leaders is high on the agenda. Human resource management includes different aspects of professionalization.
One major domain is the preparation, induction and continuous professional development of individual leaders and leadership
teams. Another is personnel marketing and selection, which includes the question of attracting capable future leaders and
of appointing the right candidates. However in Europe there is a need for standardised tools which provide systematic feedback
to professionals interested in assessing their strengths and individual development needs. Suitable instruments are still
scarce. The Competence Profile School Management CPSM (German: KompetenzProfil SchulManagement; KPSM) is the first online-based
self-assessment in the German language which has been designed to fit the school context and is based on psychometric principles.
It offers participants the possibility to reflect their strengths and weaknesses in different requirement areas of school
leadership; and to compare their individual results with peers from the school context, thus gaining valuable information
on their individual profiles when planning their professional development and careers. After sketching the theoretical and
empirical background, this article presents information about the aims and purpose of CPSM, the tool’s development, its test
scales and test formats, the results of the pilot study and those of the evaluation study. Then, the further development of
the tool in terms of modifications and add-ons are outlined, before, finally, the tool’s contribution to practice and research
is discussed. 相似文献
10.
The term absorptive capacity (AC) describes the process of utilising external knowledge. Although firms are becoming increasingly reliant on highly skilled freelancers as a source of external knowledge, the literature on AC has not incorporated this collaboration for freelancers. In this paper, we address this research deficit in two ways: First, we argue that the ability to collaborate effectively and efficiently with freelancers plays a crucial role in the process of absorbing external knowledge. Second, we argue that the example of freelancers challenges researchers to rethink the conceptualisation of organisational boundaries within the concept of AC. Our paper is based upon previous theoretical insights and exploratory empirical data from a research project on German IT freelancers. For the practice of knowledge management, our paper elaborates upon how organisations can enhance their AC by investing in practices and routines that contribute to successful collaboration with freelancers. 相似文献