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Data collected from 25 cases of fetal or newborn death associated with maternal cocaine use are reported. The average week of gestation at which fetal death occurred was week 30. Abruptio placentae was observed in 7 cases and placental infarct was found in 4 cases. The average fetal blood cocaine and benzoylecgonine levels were 0.26 and 1.73 micrograms/mL. The average maternal levels were 0.14 and 1.80 micrograms/mL, respectively. 相似文献
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Anti-idiotypes in B-cell tumor therapy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
R A Miller J Lowder T C Meeker S Brown R Levy 《NCI monographs : a publication of the National Cancer Institute》1987,(3):131-134
Thirteen patients with B-cell lymphomas were treated with mouse monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies. All but 1 of the patients in this study had received extensive prior treatment with conventional therapy for lymphoma. The treatment protocol initially included an escalating dose schedule which was intended to help us evaluate toxicity and pharmacokinetics and, eventually, to achieve appreciable levels of free mouse antibody in the circulation. The last 4 patients received substantial initial doses. Tumor sampling was performed before and during therapy for evaluation of tissue penetration by antibody. Patients received antibodies of gamma 1, 2a, or 2b isotype. None of the patients had serum paraproteins by routine clinical testing, but 6 had an idiotype protein detectable by a sensitive immunoassay at levels greater than 1 microgram/ml, two of which were greater than 200 micrograms/ml. These levels were temporarily reduced by plasma-pheresis. However, the presence of serum idiotype increased the requirement for mouse antibody to achieve tumor penetration. Another obstacle to treatment was immune response to mouse Ig that occurred in 5 of the 13 patients. Once an immune response had begun, further infusions of antibody failed to reach the tumor or induce tumor regression and were associated with toxicity. Our initial patient remains in an unmaintained complete remission 50 months after receiving antibody. Six of 12 additional patients have had objective remissions which also were clinically significant. However, these remissions were not complete. This therapy shows promise as an alternative modality for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma. We will need further studies to determine the mechanisms of the antitumor effect and to improve the clinical results. 相似文献
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Rick B. Meeker 《Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology》2007,2(2):154-170
Invasion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into the central and peripheral nervous system produces a wide range of neurological
symptoms, which continue to persist even with adequate therapeutic suppression of the systemic viremia. The development of
therapies designed to prevent the neurological complications of HIV require a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of
virus penetration into the nervous system, infection, and subsequent neuropathogenesis. These processes, however, are difficult
to study in humans. The identification of animal lentiviruses similar to HIV has provided useful models of HIV infection that
have greatly facilitated these efforts. This review summarizes contributions made from in vitro and in vivo studies on the infectious and pathological interactions of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) with the nervous system. In vivo studies on FIV have provided insights into the natural progression of CNS disease as well as the contribution of various
risk factors. In vitro studies have contributed to our understanding of immune cell trafficking, CNS infection and neuropathogenesis. Together,
these studies have made unique contributions to our understanding of (1) lentiviral interactions at the blood–cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) barrier within the choroid plexus, (2) early FIV invasion and pathogenesis in the brain, and (3) lentiviral effects
on intracellular calcium deregulation and neuronal dysfunction. The ability to combine in vitro and in vivo studies on FIV offers enormous potential to explore neuropathogenic mechanisms and generate information necessary for the
development of effective therapeutic interventions. 相似文献
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