全文获取类型
收费全文 | 605篇 |
免费 | 31篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
学科分类
医药卫生 | 649篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 32篇 |
2012年 | 25篇 |
2011年 | 34篇 |
2010年 | 30篇 |
2009年 | 37篇 |
2008年 | 32篇 |
2007年 | 24篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 34篇 |
2004年 | 20篇 |
2003年 | 20篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 20篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 21篇 |
1995年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有649条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
MY Mancao LJ Sindel PH Richardson FM Silver 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1996,85(1):118-120
Croup is an acute infectious illness usually occurring in children; it is characterized by brassy cough and stridor. The main pathogens include mainly parainfluenza and influenza viruses. Recently there have been reports of prolonged croup caused by the herpes simplex viruses. We report two cases of prolonged croup due to herpes simplex types 1 and 2. We also review and summarize the reported pediatric cases of herpetic croup. 相似文献
2.
The dual role of IL-10 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
Classification of cytokines as pro-versus anti-inflammatory might not apply to the pleiotropic effects of interleukin-10 (IL-10). Several reports suggest that IL-10 enhances the function of natural killer cells, which leads, through pathogen destruction, to increased antigen availability. In addition, by inhibiting the maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), IL-10 preserves their ability for antigen uptake while simultaneously hampering their migration to draining lymph nodes. This review suggests that this "antigen-loading" phase might constitute an important component of the innate immune reaction to a pathogen. Additional proinflammatory stimuli might subsequently lead to maturation of "loaded" APCs that could migrate to draining lymph nodes or recruit and activate adaptive immune effectors locally. 相似文献
3.
Human cancer is an unpredictable disease as is its response to therapy. The intrinsic genetic heterogeneity and instability
of cancer cells could in part explain such behavior. However, it is possible that, individual variation in the genetic make-up
of humans may affect the relationship between host and cancer cells and, therefore, be, at least in part responsible for this
extraordinary variation. Human gene polymorphism has been shown indeed to play a role in immune responses; among the immune-related
genes, cytokines are often polymorphic. Some polymorphisms of cytokine and cytokine receptor may have direct functional significance
by altering directly and indirectly the level of gene expression and/or its function; other may only demarcate a genetic linkage
to a particular haplotype associated with a given clinical condition. The majority of polymorphisms found in cytokines or
their receptors are located in the promoter, intronic and 3′ untranslated regions. These sequence variations can still affect
gene expression and function. In this review will we summarize the current knowledge about the role of cytokine polymorphism
in disease and more specifically in cancer. 相似文献
4.
This review correlates the imaging findings and histological appearances seen in chordomas in a series of patients presenting at our institution, together with a published literature review. A parallel presentation of photographs of imaging findings and microscopic histological findings is made, with the aim being to enhance recognition of this uncommon but clinically significant entity. 相似文献
5.
Piccoli M Trambaiolo P Salustri A Cerquetani E Posteraro A Pastena G Amici E Papetti F Marincola E La Carruba S Gambelli G 《Chest》2005,128(5):3413-3420
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the potential value of hand-carried ultrasound (HCU) devices in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with pleural effusion (PE) after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Seventy consecutive patients were evaluated at bedside early after cardiac surgery, in the upright sitting position, using an HCU device on hospital admission and every 3 days until hospital discharge. The posterior chest wall was scanned along the paravertebral, scapular, and posterior axillary lines. For each hemithorax, an effusion index was derived as the sum of the intercostal spaces between the lower and upper limits of the PE along the lines of scanning, divided by 3. A standard chest radiograph was performed in all patients on hospital admission and at hospital discharge, and was qualitatively scored (0, absent; 1, small; 2, large PE). The findings of the HCU device and radiograph were compared using kappa statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: A chest ultrasound was feasible in all patients (mean [+/- SD] time, 5 +/- 2 min). Compared with the chest ultrasound, a physical examination showed a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 77%. On hospital admission, the HCU device detected a PE in 72 of 140 hemithoraxes. Agreement with the finding of the radiograph was 76% (kappa = 0.52). In 15 hemithoraxes, the HCU device revealed a PE that had not been diagnosed using the radiograph. Conversely, in 18 hemithoraxes a PE that had been diagnosed with a radiograph was not confirmed by the HCU device. The correlation between ultrasound and radiographic scores was statistically significant (p < 0.001). At hospital discharge, a PE was present in 31 of 140 hemithoraxes according to the findings of the HCU device, and in 38 of 140 hemithoraxes according to the findings of the radiograph (agreement, 78%; kappa = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: In patients early after cardiac surgery, HCU devices allow rapid PE detection and improve the clinical diagnosis. Compared to a radiograph, this method offers the unique advantage of the bedside evaluation of patients without the need for radiation exposure. 相似文献
6.
The tetrapeptide Acetyl-N-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (AcSDKP, Seraspenide; Ipsen- Biotech, Paris, France), an inhibitor of murine spleen colony-forming units reduces the number and the percentage in DNA synthesis of progenitors from human unfractionated bone marrow. To determine whether AcSDKP may directly affect the growth potential of purified progenitors even at the most primitive level, CD34+HLA-DRhigh and CD34++HLA-DRlow cells were highly purified by cell sorting. Then, CD34+ subsets were stimulated in liquid culture with combinations of growth factors (GFs) and AcSDKP was added for 20 hours or 6 days and cells plated in methylcellulose. After a 20-hour incubation, we show that AcSDKP (at 10(-10) mol/L) significantly inhibits the colony formation of both CD34+ subsets. Moreover, when added daily for 6 days, AcSDKP: (1) reduces the proliferation of both CD34+ cell fractions stimulated by 3 or 7 GFs, and (2) decreases the number of progenitors generated from the CD34+HLA-DRhigh and CD34++HLA-DRlow cell fractions. Furthermore, we show for the first time, using both high proliferative potential cell and long-term culture initiating cell assays, that AcSDKP inhibits the most primitive cells contained in the CD34++HLA-DRlow subpopulation. Finally, by using limiting dilution assays we demonstrated that AcSDKP acts directly at a single cell level and that its inhibitory effect is reversible and dose dependent. 相似文献
7.
The study of central nervous system (CNS) leukemia has been hampered by the lack of a suitable animal model. We report that severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice invariably develop rapidly progressive fatal CNS leukemia within 3 weeks after intravenous injection of NALM-6 pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Colonization of the dura mater and subarachnoid space, usually of the distal spinal cord with occasional extension into the Virchow-Robin spaces of blood vessels subjacent to the meninges, followed involvement of bone marrow in the skull, vertebrae, and, occasionally, the appendicular skeleton. Occult CNS leukemia was detectable by polymerase chain reaction amplification of human DNA as early as 8 days postinoculation of leukemia cells. We used this in vivo model of human CNS leukemia to examine the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of intrathecally administered B43 (anti-CD19)-pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), an anti- B-lineage ALL immunotoxin directed against the pan-B-cell antigen CD19/Bp95. Intrathecal therapy with B43 (anti-CD19)-PAP immunotoxin at nontoxic dose levels significantly improved survival of SCID mice and was superior to intrathecal methotrexate therapy. 相似文献
8.
Fritsch G; Buchinger P; Printz D; Fink FM; Mann G; Peters C; Wagner T; Adler A; Gadner H 《Blood》1993,81(9):2301-2309
Mononuclear cells (MNC) isolated by density centrifugation of cord blood and healthy bone marrow, and of peripheral blood (PB) from patients treated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or G-CSF after chemotherapy, were double-stained with anti CD34 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (8G12) versus anti CD45, CD45-RB, CD45- RO, and CD45-RA, respectively, and analyzed by flow cytometry. In all specimens, CD34+ MNC co-expressed CD45 at a low level and the expression of CD45-RB was similar or slightly higher. Most CD34+ MNC were negative for CD45-RO, a weak coexpression was only seen in some bone marrow (BM) and blood samples. In contrast, CD45-RA could subdivide the CD34+ population into fractions negative, dim (+), and normal positive (++) for these subgroups, and typical staining patterns were observed for the different sources of hematopoietic cells: in BM, most CD34+ MNC were RA++. In PB, their majority was RA++ after G-CSF but RA+ or RA- after GM-CSF. In cord blood, the hematopoietic progenitors were mainly RA-/RO-. Semisolid culture of sorted CD34+ MNC showed that clusters and dispersed (late) colony-forming unit-GM (CFU- GM) originated from 34+/RA++ cells, while the 34+/RA- MNC formed compact and multicentric, both white and red colonies derived from early progenitors. Addition of 20 ng stem cell factor per milliliter of medium containing 34+/RA- cord blood MNC led to a change of many burst- forming unit-erythrocyte (BFU-E) to CFU-mix which was not, at least to this extent, seen in blood and BM. We conclude that early myeloid CD34+ cells are 45+/RA-. Because this population excludes 34+/19+ B cells and 33+ myeloid cells, both of which are RA++, two-color flow cytometric analysis using CD34 and CD45-RA facilitates the characterization and quantification of early myeloid progenitor cells. 相似文献
9.
Green fluorescent protein expression in dendritic cells enhances their immunogenicity and elicits specific cytotoxic T-cell responses in humans 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
OBJECTIVE: Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been used to monitor and select cells transduced with vectors encoding other transgenes of interest. We investigated the immunogenic nature of GFP in humans and further explored whether this xenoprotein could be used as a functional adjuvant to enhance T-cell immunity to the melanoma tumor antigen MART1. METHODS: Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors were stimulated by autologous dendritic cells expressing GFP, then cloned by limiting dilution and tested for antigen specificity following coculture with GFP-expressing or GFP-negative targets. In a parallel experiment, lymphocytes from HLA A 0201+ healthy donors were stimulated with four different Melan-A/MART1(27-35) peptide-pulsed stimulators: 1) MART1 peptide-pulsed DCs, 2) MART1 peptide-pulsed DCs loaded with GFP protein, 3) MART1 peptide-pulsed GFP adenovirus-transduced DCs, and 4) MART1 peptide-pulsed null adenovirus-transduced DCs. The percentage of CD3+/CD8+ MART1 peptide-specific T cells was determined by intracellular cytokine staining for gamma-IFN. RESULTS: Multiple CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones were expanded which secreted gamma-IFN and demonstrated high levels of cytotoxicity to GFP-expressing targets as assessed by ELISA and Cr51 release respectively. We next investigated the impact of GFP expression on DCs used to stimulate cytotoxic T cells specific for a tumor-associated peptide. The percentage of MART1- specific CD8+ T cells that were generated was higher when MART1-pulsed GFP adenovirus-transduced DCs were used as stimulators (28%) compared to MART1-pulsed DCs alone (11%, p = 0.01), MART1-pulsed null adenovirus-transduced DCs (11.7%, p = 0.02), or MART1-pulsed DCs loaded with GFP protein (12.2%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings further support GFP's immunogenicity and suggest this xenoprotein might further be used to enhance the expansion of tumor-specific T cells. 相似文献
10.
Nynke D Scherpbier-de Haan Gerald MM Vervoort Chris van Weel Jozé CC Braspenning Jan Mulder Jack FM Wetzels Wim JC de Grauw 《The British journal of general practice》2013,63(617):e798-e806