NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL FILTER INITIALIZATION FOR WRF MODEL

Initialization and initial imbalance problem were discussed in the context of a three-dimensional variational data assimilation system of the new generation “Weather Research and Forecasting Model”. Several options of digital filter initialization have been tested with a rain storm case. It is shown that digital filter initialization, especially diabatic digital filter initialization and twice digital filter initialization, have effectively removed spurious high frequency noise from initial data for numerical weather prediction and produced balanced initial conditions. For six consecutive intermittent data assimilation cycles covering a 3-day period, mean initialization increments and impact on forecast variables are studied. DFI has been demonstrated to provide better adjustment of the hydrometeors and vertical velocity, reduced spin-up time, and improved forecast variables quantity.     

中石油长庆第一采气厂5·20雷击事件调查分析

通过对中国石油长庆油田第一采气厂2007年5月20日晚雷击事故的调查,计算分析雷击可能性,得出此次雷击主要原因,给出雷击电磁脉冲的防护措施:屏蔽线路应该使屏蔽线金属外皮接地,在电源和信号线上加装防浪涌保护器,使所有控制系统的仪表设备置于较安全电磁环境中。对于室外的仪器仪表等控制器件应接地的部分必须接地。鉴于该单位工作性质的特殊性,建议使用地面大气电场仪。     

VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION USING WAVELET BACKGROUND ERROR COVARIANCE: INITIALIZATION OF TYPHOON KAEMI (2006)

Background error covariance plays an important role in any variational data assimilation system, because it determines how information from observations is spread in model space and between different model variables. In this paper, the use of orthogonal wavelets in representation of background error covariance over a limited area is studied. Based on the WRF model and its 3D-VAR system, an algorithm using orthogonal wavelets to model background error covariance is developed. Because each wavelet function contains information on both position and scale, using a diagonal correlation matrix in wavelet space gives the possibility to represent some anisotropic and inhomogeneous characteristics of background error covariance. The experiments show that local correlation functions are better modeled than spectral methods. The formulation of wavelet background error covariance is tested with the typhoon Kaemi (2006). The results of experiments indicate that the subsequent forecasts of typhoon Kaemi’s track and intensity are significantly improved by the new method.     

一次梅雨锋暴雨过程的中尺度对比模拟分析

使用新一代细网格WRF中尺度数值模式和MM5（V3）模式,对2003年7月4～6日发生在江淮流域的一次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了数值模拟对比分析。结果表明：WRF和MM5都能较好的模拟这次暴雨过程雨带的分布和走向,而WRF能更好的模拟降水中心的位置和雨量;与暴雨过程相联系的低空急流和涡度场等分布特征的模拟,WRF模式亦优于MM5模式。此外,在云贵高原东麓山地,与WRF模式相比,MM5模式在低层模拟出虚假的低压环流,这可能与两模式所采用的垂直坐标差异有关。对WRF的模拟结果分析发现,700hPa湿位涡异常区与暴雨发生区对应很好。     

阿克苏河流域气候变化对潜在蒸散量影响评价(英文)

Evapotranspiration is one of the key components of hydrological processes. Assessing the impact of climate factors on evapotranspiration is helpful in understanding the impact of climate change on hydrological processes. In this paper, based on the daily meteorological data from 1960 to 2007 within and around the Aksu River Basin, reference evapotranspiration (RET) was estimated with the FAO Penman-Monteith method. The temporal and spatial variations of RET were analyzed by using ARCGIS and Mann-Kendall method. Multiple Regression Analysis was employed to attribute the effects of the variations of air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, vapour pressure and wind speed on RET. The results showed that average annual RET in the eastern plain area of the Aksu River Basin was about 1100 mm, which was nearly twice as much as that in the western mountainous area. The trend of annual RET had significant spatial variability. Annual RET was reduced significantly in the southeastern oasis area and southwestern plain area and increased slightly in the mountain areas. The amplitude of the change of RET reached the highest in summer, contributing most of the annual change of RET. Except in some high elevation areas where relative humidity predominated the change of the RET, the variations of wind velocity predominated the changes of RET almost throughout the basin. Taking Kuqa and Ulugqat stations as an example, the variations of wind velocity accounted for more than 50% of the changes of RET.     

阿克苏河流域气候变化对潜在蒸散量影响评价(英文)

Evapotranspiration is one of the key components of hydrological processes. Assessing the impact of climate factors on evapotranspiration is helpful in understanding the impact of climate change on hydrological processes. In this paper, based on the daily meteorological data from 1960 to 2007 within and around the Aksu River Basin, reference evapotranspiration (RET) was estimated with the FAO Penman-Monteith method. The temporal and spatial variations of RET were analyzed by using ARCGIS and Mann-Kendall met...     

北京一次突发性降雪的云场结构特征分析

本文对利用三重嵌套的高分辨率中尺度模式对北京一次突发性降雪过程进行了数值模拟。重点分析伴随降雪过程的云各微物理含量构成和云场三维图像的演变特征,初步分析表明：此次降雪过程中云中的主要成份是冰晶粒子,雪其它粒子的含量较少,冰晶粒子含量随时间呈由高空向低空增加的趋势,它在降雪过程中起重要作用;云的三维结构图也清楚地反映云顶有不断降低和向下伸展过程,这与冰晶粒子的增长和沉降有关。     

阿克苏河流域气候变化对潜在蒸散量影响分析

蒸散发是水文过程的关键环节,研究气候因子对潜在蒸散发的影响,有助于深入认识水文过程对气候变化的响应。本文基于阿克苏河流域1960-2007 年逐日气象资料和Penman-Monteith公式,估算并分析参考作物蒸散量(RET) 时空变化特征,并用多元回归方法定量区分气候因子变化对RET 变化的贡献率。研究发现流域RET 空间差异明显,东部平原区平均年RET 为1100mm左右,是西部山区的近2 倍;东南部绿洲区的RET显著减少,而西部变化复杂。RET变化趋势的季节差异也很显著,以夏季变幅最大,是年变化的主要贡献者。高海拔地区相对湿度对RET变化影响最大,其它区域的风速变化对RET变化的贡献率最高。库车和乌恰站的风速变化对RET变化的贡献率大于50%,是RET变化的主导因素。     

在“阳光”下确权——山东省嘉祥县推进农村集体土地确权登记发证的经验

“不用花钱、不用跑腿就能确权登记,俺心里真高兴!”山东省嘉祥县村民张大爷一边说着,一边在《地籍调查表》上签字。这是笔者在孟姑集镇吴庄村服务窗口看到的一幕。     

基于PixelGrid系统的弱交汇和稀少控制点区域卫星影像纠正方法的研究

介绍了弱交汇条件下利用PixelGrid系统实现稀少控制点区域的卫星影像的）L4＊--r~,t正方法。阐述了操作流程以及每个步骤的注意事项,对纠正后的影像做出精度检测并给出分析评价。