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1.
A multi‐input–multi‐output extension of the well‐known two control degrees‐of‐freedom disturbance observer architecture that decouples the problem into single‐input–single‐output disturbance observer loops is presented in this paper. Robust design based on mapping D‐stability and the frequency domain specifications of weighted sensitivity minimization and phase margin bound to a chosen controller parameter space is presented as a part of the proposed design approach. The effect of the choice of disturbance observer Q filter on performance is explained with a numerical example. This is followed by the use of structured singular values in the robustness analysis of disturbance observer controlled systems subject to structured, real parametric and mixed uncertainty in the plant. A design and simulation study based on a four wheel active car steering control example is used to illustrate the methods presented in the paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
For phased-array ultrasound imaging, alternative beamforming techniques and their VLSI circuits are studied to form a fully digital receive front-end hardware. In order to increase the timing accuracy in beamforming, a computationally efficient interpolation scheme to increase the sampling rate is examined. For adaptive beamforming, a phase aberration correction method with very low computational complexity is described. Image quality performance of the method is examined by processing the non-aberrated and aberrated phased-array experimental data sets of an ultrasound resolution phantom. A digital beamforming scheme based on receive focusing at the raster focal points is examined. The sector images of the resolution phantom, reconstructed from the phased-array experimental data by beamforming at the radial and raster focal points, are presented for comparison of the image resolution performances of the two beamforming schemes. VLSI circuits and their implementations for the proposed techniques are presented. 相似文献
3.
I. Karaman J. Robertson J.- -T. Im S. N. Mathaudhu K. T. Hartwig Z. P. Luo 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(1):247-256
In this study, gas-atomized amorphous Zr58.5Nb2.8Cu15.6Ni12.8Al10.3 (Vitreloy 106a) containing 1280 ppmw oxygen was consolidated by equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE). The powder was vacuum
encapsulated in copper cans and subjected to one extrusion pass in the temperature region above the glass transition temperature
(T
g) and below the crystallization temperature (T
x). The effects of extrusion temperature and the extrusion rate on microstructure, thermal stability, hardness, and compressive
strength are investigated. Compression fracture surfaces were examined to determine the deformation mechanisms. The consolidates
in which the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) boundary was not crossed during processing exhibit differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) patterns similar to the initial powder, with a slight decrease in T
x. Compressive strengths of about 1.6 GPa are recorded in the consolidates processed at 30 °C and 40 °C below T
x, which is close to what is observed in cast counterparts. The fracture surfaces exhibit vein patterns covering up to 90 pct
of the surface area in some samples, which are characteristic of glassy material fracture. The slight decrease in T
x after consolidation is attributed to thermal-history-dependent short-range order and formation of nanocrystalline islands.
The present results show that ECAE is successful in consolidation of metallic glass powder. This processing avenue opens a
new opportunity to fabricate bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with dimensions that may be impossible to achieve by casting methods. 相似文献
4.
A new approach, called adaptive Q control, for tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) is introduced and implemented on a homemade AFM setup utilizing a laser Doppler vibrometer and a piezoactuated bimorph probe. In standard Q control, the effective Q factor of the scanning probe is adjusted prior to the scanning depending on the application. However, there is a trade-off in setting the effective Q factor of an AFM probe. The Q factor is either increased to reduce the tapping forces or decreased to increase the maximum achievable scan speed. Realizing these two benefits simultaneously using standard Q control is not possible. In adaptive Q control, the Q factor of the probe is set to an initial value as in standard Q control, but then modified on the fly during scanning when necessary to achieve this goal. In this article, we present the basic theory behind adaptive Q control, the electronics enabling the online modification of the probe's effective Q factor, and the results of the experiments comparing three different methods: scanning (a) without Q control, (b) with standard Q control, and (c) with adaptive Q control. The results show that the performance of adaptive Q control is superior to the other two methods. 相似文献
5.
Susan D. F. Kustas A. B. Kellogg R. A. Carroll J. D. Michael J. R. Karaman I. 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2021,52(9):4090-4099
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) of 49Fe-49Co-2V, also known as Hiperco® 50A or Permendur-2V, greatly improves the strength and ductility of... 相似文献
6.
Safa Karaman Omer Said Toker Mustafa Çam Mahmut Doğan Ahmed Kayacier 《Drying Technology》2014,32(3):258-267
In this study, the effects of three different drying methods (freeze drying, oven drying, and vacuum oven drying) on bioactive (total phenolics, total flavonoids, condensed tannin and total hydrolyzable tannin contents, antiradical activity, and antidiabetic activity) and some physicochemical (dry matter, ash, water activity (a w ), color, protein, hydroxymethylfurfural, glucose and fructose content) properties of persimmon fruit were investigated. Simplex lattice mixture design methodology was applied to determine the best solvent mixture for the extraction of phenolics from the samples. It was found that the mixture of acetone:water at the ratio of 50:50 % (v/v) was the best solvent mixture for the extraction. The persimmon powder sample obtained from freeze drying showed significantly (p <0.05) higher bioactivity values than oven- and vacuum-oven-dried samples. Antiradical activity changed significantly depending on the drying method employed and it was superior in freeze-dried samples than that of the other drying methods. 相似文献
7.
Summary Polystyrene networks were synthesized by free radical polymerization of styrene in the presence of dibenzoyl peroxide as an
initiator, divinylbenzene as a crosslinker at 50 °C in toluene under nitrogen atmosphere. The swelling behavior of the synthesized
polystyrene networks were studied at different temperatures in methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate,
butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, and isopentyl acetate. Equations were given for the variation of the polymer-solvent interaction parameter,
χ12, as a function of reciprocal absolute temperature in the temperature range from 25 to 75 °C. Polystyrene networks were swollen
in linear polystyrene solutions in toluene of different concentrations. Linear polystyrene samples were almost monodisperse
and of high molecular weight. The equilibrium swelling degrees were evaluated using the Flory-Rehner theory. The relation
of volume swelling ratio, qv, to the volume fraction of the linear polymer in solution, φ, was evaluated and characterized by interaction parameter of
crosslinked polystyrene with linear polystyrene, χ23. The parameter χ23 was found around zero as expected from mixtures of similar chemical structures by extrapolating the values of χ23 at tested concentrations to zero solvent concentration. 相似文献
8.
Crystallization of calcium carbonate (CC) in aqueous solutions by gas‐liquid diffusion procedure was investigated systematically in the presence of poly(4‐sulfonic acid diphenylamine)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PSDA‐b‐PEG), wherein the PSDA block is a polymeric zwitterion. PSDA‐b‐PEG was synthesized with the reaction of tosylated PEG and amine‐functionalized PSDA and was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. The parameters such as, block copolymer concentration, crystallization time and initial pH were considered as indicators of block copolymer's capability in controlling the morphology of CC particles. The particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The results suggest that PSDA‐b‐PEG is a suitable template to control the growth mechanism of CC to produce meso‐sized particles with different morphologies. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:96–102, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
9.
Ayfer Sarac Dolunay Şakar Ozlem Cankurtaran Ferdane Yılmaz Karaman 《Polymer Bulletin》2005,53(5-6):349-357
Summary The retention diagrams of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, chloro benzene, n-propyl benzene, isopropyl benzene, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate and isoamyl acetate on the polycaprolactone were plotted at temperatures between 70 and 140oC by inverse gas chromatography technique. Percent crystallinity of polycaprolactone were obtained at temperatures below melting point from the retention diagrams of benzene, toluene and ethyl benzene. It was concluded that the data obtained by inverse gas chromatography were comparable those of obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. Specific retention volume, Vgo, Flory-Huggins polymer-solvent interaction parameters, 12, the weight fraction activity coefficients of the solvents at infinite dilution, 1, effective exchange energy parameters, Xeff were determined. Later, the partial molar heat of sorption, H1,sorp and the partial molar heat of mixing, H1 were obtained from the slope of the logarithm of specific retention volume, Ln Vgo versus 1/T plot and from the slope of the logarithm of the weight fraction activity coefficients, 1versus 1/T plot, respectively. 相似文献
10.
Şeyda Karaman Esma Tütem Kevser Sözgen Başkan Reşat Apak 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2013,93(4):867-875
BACKGROUND: Apples contain a large concentration of phenolic compounds, dependent on factors such as cultivar, harvest, storage conditions, and processing. This study aims to identify the essential phenolic compounds present in various apple varieties, to measure their total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with the CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) and ABTS (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate)) methods, and to correlate their TAC values with HPLC findings. RESULTS: The order of TAC (mmol Trolox g?1 fresh weight) of apple peels determined with the CUPRAC method was: Granny Smith > Amasya > Sky Spur > Ervin Spur > King Luscious ≥ Arap Kizi ≥ Lutz Golden. The theoretically calculated TAC values of HPLC‐quantified compounds, with the aid of the combined HPLC‐CUPRAC method, accounted for 18.4–33.5% of the experimentally observed CUPRAC capacity of peel extracts and 19.5–56.3% of flesh extracts, depending on apple variety. CONCLUSION: In synthetic samples of apple antioxidants, the CUPRAC‐TAC values of constituents, identified and analyzed by HPLC, proved to be additive, enabling measurement of the cooperative action of antioxidants using the proposed methodology. Apple peel showed higher contents of phenolics and therefore higher TAC than apple flesh, confirming the health benefit of the consumption of apples together with peel. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献