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2.
Power devices with high capability have been developed. 8‐kV/3.5‐kA‐class light‐triggered thyristors have the highest capability among power devices. These devices are used in the Kii Channel HVDC transmission system in Japan. In this paper, we report the extracted problems of conventional testing methods of 8‐kV/3.5‐kA‐class light‐triggered thyristors among manufacturers, and the proposed unified testing methods on the basis of element characteristics and operating conditions in the Kii Channel HVDC system. Furthermore, we propose a figure of merit for power devices for the practical use, and try to extract elements used at the Kii Channel HVDC system with small margins and low withstand capabilities. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(3): 61–70, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10024 相似文献
3.
Yoshio Yamashita Hideyuki Jinbo Ryuji Kawazu Takateru Asano Hiroshi Umehara 《Polymer Engineering and Science》1991,31(12):855-859
LMR-UV (“low molecular weight resist for uv lithography”), a naphthoquinone-diazide sulfonic acid ester of a novolak resin, is a negative working resist. The mechanism of insolubilization of LMR-UV is based on the facts that the naphthoquinone-diazide moiety is decomposed to indenecarboxylic acid (polar compound) by photolysis upon UV irradiation and that the irradiated resist film insolubilizes in a non-polar developer. LMR-UV reliably forms 0.6 μm lines and spaces over a reflective substrate with steps by using a g-line stepper having a 0.35 NA lens. 0.6 μm-wide aluminum patterns over topography are obtained by use of g-line exposure and reactive ion etching. By use of an i-line aligner (NA = 0.42), LMR-UV resolves 0.25 μm space patterns with overhang profiles. The profiles are due to the large absorption coefficient of 3.8 μm?1. 0.3 μm wide aluminum patterns are formed by i-line exposure and lift-off metallization. 相似文献
4.
Araki K. Saito H. Yuasa N. Rei T. Itozaki H. Higaki K. 《IEEE transactions on magnetics》1992,28(3):1805-1809
Broadband measurements have been done on high T c superconducting coplanar lines of YBa2Cu3O 7 on [100]MgO substrates. From the transmission and reflection coefficients of coplanar lines, the characteristic impedance, attenuation constant, phase constant, group velocity, and London penetration depth of the film are derived, based on the circuit models 相似文献
5.
Tetsuo Asano 《Theory of Computing Systems》2012,50(1):111-123
Removing noise in a given binary image is a common operation. A generalization of the operation is to erase an arbitrarily
specified component by reversing pixel values in the component. This paper shows that this operation can be done without using
any data structure like a stack or queue, or more exactly using only constant extra memory (consisting of a constant number
of words of O(log n) bits for an image of n pixels) in O(mlog m) time for a component consisting of m pixels. This is an in-place algorithm, but the image matrix cannot be used as work space since it has just one bit for each
pixel. Whenever we flip a pixel value in a target component, the component shape is also deformed, which causes some difficulty.
The main idea for our constant work space algorithm is to deform a component so that its connectivity is preserved. 相似文献
6.
7.
Sean R. Tachibana Longteng Tang Liangdong Zhu Yuka Takeda Keiji Fushimi Yoshibumi Ueda Takahiro Nakajima Yuto Kuwasaki Moritoshi Sato Rei Narikawa Chong Fang 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(10)
Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are promising optogenetic tools for their diverse absorption properties with a single compact cofactor-binding domain. We previously uncovered the ultrafast reversible photoswitching dynamics of a red/green photoreceptor AnPixJg2, which binds phycocyanobilin (PCB) that is unavailable in mammalian cells. Biliverdin (BV) is a mammalian cofactor with a similar structure to PCB but exhibits redder absorption. To improve the AnPixJg2 feasibility in mammalian applications, AnPixJg2_BV4 with only four mutations has been engineered to incorporate BV. Herein, we implemented femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) and ground state femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (GS-FSRS) to uncover transient electronic dynamics on molecular time scales and key structural motions responsible for the photoconversion of AnPixJg2_BV4 with PCB (Bpcb) and BV (Bbv) cofactors in comparison with the parent AnPixJg2 (Apcb). Bpcb adopts the same photoconversion scheme as Apcb, while BV4 mutations create a less bulky environment around the cofactor D ring that promotes a faster twist. The engineered Bbv employs a reversible clockwise/counterclockwise photoswitching that requires a two-step twist on ~5 and 35 picosecond (ps) time scales. The primary forward Pfr → Po transition displays equal amplitude weights between the two processes before reaching a conical intersection. In contrast, the primary reverse Po → Pfr transition shows a 2:1 weight ratio of the ~35 ps over 5 ps component, implying notable changes to the D-ring-twisting pathway. Moreover, we performed pre-resonance GS-FSRS and quantum calculations to identify the Bbv vibrational marker bands at ~659,797, and 1225 cm−1. These modes reveal a stronger H-bonding network around the BV cofactor A ring with BV4 mutations, corroborating the D-ring-dominant reversible photoswitching pathway in the excited state. Implementation of BV4 mutations in other PCB-binding GAF domains like AnPixJg4, AM1_1870g3, and NpF2164g5 could promote similar efficient reversible photoswitching for more directional bioimaging and optogenetic applications, and inspire other bioengineering advances. 相似文献
8.
Jinhua Chen Upita Septiani Masaharu Asano Yasunari Maekawa Hitoshi Kubota Masaru Yoshida 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2007,103(3):1966-1972
In this study the fluoropolymers, poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films, together with the radiation‐induced crosslinked polytetrafluoroethylene (cPTFE) film were compared on the basis of their preparation and properties of radiation‐grafted polymer electrolyte membranes. The polymer electrolyte membranes were prepared by radiation grafting of styrene into the base films and subsequent sulfonation. The proton conductivity and chemical stability of the three types of membranes with a similar ion exchange capacity (IEC) near 1.0 mmol/g were investigated and are discussed in detail. Although the ETFE‐based polymer electrolyte membrane was relatively more stable, its proton conductivity was lower than those of the PVDF‐ and cPTFE‐based membranes. On the other hand, the cPTFE‐based membrane showed a significantly higher proton conductivity, but its chemical stability was shorter than that of the ETFE‐based membrane. It is considered that the difference in the preparation and properties of the polymer electrolyte membranes was due to the difference in the degree of crystallinity as well as in the chemical structure of the fluoropolymer base films. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1966–1972, 2007 相似文献
9.
This study concerns a comparative study of three crosslinkers, divinylbenzene (DVB), 1,2‐bis(p,p‐vinylphenyl)ethane (BVPE), and triallyl cyanurate (TAC) crosslinked poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE)‐based radiation‐grafted membranes, which were prepared by radiation grafting of p‐methylstyrene onto ETFE films and subsequent sulfonation. The effect of the different types and contents of the crosslinkers on the grafting and sulfonation, and the properties such as water uptake, proton conductivity, and thermal/chemical stability of the resulting polymer electrolyte membranes were investigated in detail. Introducing crosslink structure into the radiation‐grafted membranes leads to a decrease in proton conductivity due to the decrease in water uptake. The thermal stability of the crosslinked radiation‐grafted membranes is also somewhat lower than that of the noncrosslinked one. However, the crosslinked radiation‐grafted membranes show significantly higher chemical stability characterized in the 3% H2O2 at 50°C. Among the three crosslinkers, the DVB shows a most pronounced efficiency on the crosslinking of the radiation‐grafted membranes, while the TAC has no significant influence; the BVPE is a mild and effective crosslinker, showing the moderate influence between the DVB and TAC crosslinkers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4565–4574, 2006 相似文献
10.
The micellar properties of aqueous binary mixed solutions for two systems consisting of sodium cholate (NaC)-octaoxyethylene
glycol mono n-decyl ether (C10E8) and sodium glycocholate (NaGC)-C10E8 have been studied on the basis of surface tensions, polarity of the micelle interior and the mean aggregation number. Application
of two theoretical treatments, based on regular solution and excess thermodynamic quantities for critical micellar concentration
(CMC) data from surface tension curves of two mixed systems showed that the mole fraction of each bile salt in the mixed micelles
near the CMC is lower than that of the corresponding prepared mole fraction in the mixed solution. The polarity of the interior
suggested that the hydrophobicity of intramicelles increased with the increase of the mole fraction of bile salt in the mixed
solution and that the mixed micelles become dramatically more hydrophobic at a mole fraction of 0.68 for NaGC−C10E8 system and 0.75 for NaC−C10E8 system, respectively. This implies that the micelles become richer in the bile salt molecules and the tendency appears strongly
for NaGC−C10E8 system due to the strong cohesion between the conjugated glycines in the NaGC molecules. The decrease of aggregation number
with the increase of the mole fraction of bile salts shows that the micelles approach those of the single system of each bile
salt. This supports the previously mentioned facts. 相似文献