Microstructure and coloring mechanism of iron spots on bluish white porcelain from Jingdezhen of the Song Dynasty

Jingdezhen is famous for its bluish white (Qingbai) porcelains of the Song Dynasty, and those decorated with iron spots are distinctive among them. Herein, iron spots on a bluish white porcelain were investigated using a series of microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations. We found the decreasing iron content from more than 8 wt% to about 2 wt% during the glaze color transition from rusty to brown and finally into green, which built a connection on the coloring mechanism of iron-rich crystallized glaze and celadon glaze. We identified the rare ε-Fe₂O₃, a promising magnetic material, in both the dark brown crystals and the triangular crystals in the rusty area, which is its first discovery among bluish white porcelains. Based on these findings, we discussed the coloring mechanism of iron-spot decoration along with the physical form of the iron oxide crystals, indicating the partially reducing atmosphere during firing process.     

从小城镇的发展现实探讨其规划思路——由天津市中心镇规划引发的思考

结合小城镇发展的现实情况,介绍了小城镇规划与发展关联的不足,并对小城镇的规划要点进行了探讨,以期在小城镇规划的理论与实践建设中抛砖引玉。     

Visualization-based disentanglement of latent space

Neural Computing and Applications - In recent years, selecting manipulation of data attributes by changing latent code using auto-encoder has received considerable scholarly attention . However,...     

Oxidative stability of high-fatty acid rice bran oil at different stages of refining

The contents of natural antioxidants and the oxidative stability of rice bran oils at different refining steps were determined. Tocopherols and oryzanols were constant in crude and degummed oils but decreased in alkali-refined, bleached and deodorized oils. The process of degumming, alkali-refining, bleaching and deodorization removed 34% of the tocopherols and 51% of the oryzanols. During storage of deodorized oil for 7 wk, 34% of the tocopherols and 19% of the oryzanols were lost. The maximum weight gain, peroxide value and anisidine value were obtained from alkali-refined oil during storage. The order of oxidation stability was crude ≥ degummed > bleached = deodorized > alkali-refined oil.     

AN EXOTHERMIC CONTINUOUS STIRRED TANK REACTOR IS FEEDBACK EQUIVALENT TO A LINEAR SYSTEM

This brief paper demonstrates the concept of linear feedback equivalence for an exothermic eontinu-ous stirred tank reactor with first order kinetics. Feedback control is achieved by finding a transformation for the nonlinear system which carries this system into a linear controllable system in Brunovsky canonical form. A linear state feedback controller is then designed which achieves control over a broad range of operating conditions. This example demonstrates how recent developments in nonlinear control theory can be applied to chemical systems without relying on the usual methods of local linearization.     

Absorption of NO x in packed column (I)

A mathematical model for an absorption of nitrogen oxides into water in packed column was developed based on the mass-transfer coefficient in packed column and the chemical reaction accompanying NO _x absorption produces HNO₃ and HNO₂ in the liquid phase. The subsequent dissociation of HNO₂ in the liquid-phase results in the formation of HNO₃ and NO gas, and then this NO gas follows to be oxidized by O₂ in air. The important factors influenced on the absorption of NO _x are the oxidation state of NO gas and the partial pressure of nitrogen oxides in the gas. The efficiency of NO _x absorption increases with the increase of the partial pressure of NO _x . The most critical value for using the model is the constant of .The selection of 11×10⁻⁴kg·mol/atm·m²·sec for resonable for this model.     

紫外光引发聚合P(AM-MAPTAC)及其响应面优化制备

以丙烯酰胺（AM）与甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵（MAPTAC）为共聚单体,通过紫外光引发聚合法制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂P（AM-MAPTAC）。通过红外光谱（IR）与差热热重分析（TG/DSC）分别对P（AM-MAPTAC）进行结构表征与热稳定性分析,并采用响应曲面法得到优化制备条件：反应体系pH为4.75,引发剂v-044质量分数为0.07%,EDTA-2Na质量分数为0.20%,n（MATPAC）/n（AM）为0.33,光照时间为60 min。在优化条件下制备P（AM-MAPTAC）絮凝剂,特性粘度可达14.72 dL/g,通过污泥脱水实验可验证该特性粘度下的污泥脱水效果最好,滤饼含水率（FCMC）达70%,污泥比阻（SRF）达6.94×10¹²m/kg,上清液剩余浊度达9.70 NTU,污泥脱水效果优于市售常用絮凝剂。     

Dr. Jekyll vis-à-vis Mr. Hyde: Personality variation between virtual and real worlds

Organizations use virtual-worlds to enhance group discussion; it allows an individual to decouple his or her rendered from actual behavior; resulting in others perceiving him or her to have two or more personalities. Building on self-regulation theory, we examined how satisfaction in the virtual-world was affected by these personality differences. A field study was conducted to attempt to understand this; it involved 297 students engaged in a virtual tutorial group using Second Life. We found that small variations in personality between the virtual and real world groups (such as being helpful, sociable, seeking recognition, or submissive) could lead to greater satisfaction of the discussion.     

Experimental determination of the thermal conductivity of three-phase syntactic foams

Syntactic foams are attractive for applications that require materials with high impact strength and low thermal conductivities. Because syntactic foams are manufactured by dispersing hollow microspheres in a resinous matrix, their characteristics are functions of the type and relative amounts of these materials. In this work, a discussion of an experimental approach to measure the thermal conductivity of three-phase syntactic foams (hollow carbon microspheres in a porous APO-BMI binder, analysis of the data and the comparison to predictive models are presented. The thermal conductivity of three-phase syntactic foams is measured using a Holometrix^© steady-state heat flow meter. The experimental data are found to be accurate to within a reasonable range of experimental error and are compared to three of the more reliable predictive models that have been used successfully to estimate the thermal conductivity of similar foams. It is observed that the model predictions at lower temperatures are more accurate as compared to those at higher temperatures. Also, that a model based on the concept of self-consistent field theory better predicts the thermal conductivity of syntactic foams than one based on resistance-in-series. Sensitivity studies indicate a strong dependency of the thermal conductivity of the three-phase foams on the thermal conductivity of the carbon used in the microspheres.     

Impact of the Boeing 767 Aircraft into the World Trade Center

A numerical simulation of the aircraft impact into the exterior columns of the World Trade Center (WTC) was done using LS-DYNA. For simplification, the fuselage was modeled as a thin-walled cylinder, the wings were modeled as box beams with a fuel pocket, and the engines were represented as rigid cylinders. The exterior columns of the WTC were represented as box beams. Actual masses, material properties and dimensions of the Boeing 767 aircraft and the exterior columns of the WTC were used in this analysis. It was found that about 46% of the initial kinetic energy of the aircraft was used to damage columns. The minimum impact velocity of the aircraft to just penetrate the exterior columns would be 130?m/s. It was also found that a Boeing 767 traveling at top speed would not penetrate exterior columns of the WTC if the columns were thicker than 20?mm.