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1.
Non-pinched, minimum energy solutions are important class of distillation designs that offer the potential advantage of a better trade-off between capital investment and operating costs. In this paper, two important tasks associated with non-pinched distillation designs are studied. Thus the novel contributions of this work to the literature are
- (1) A comprehensive methodology for finding non-pinched minimum energy designs.
- (2) Understanding of the reasons for the existence of non-pinched distillation designs.
2.
This paper describes the present situation in Italy in the field of Acoustic Emission researches and applications.Information on the level of instrumentation development is given. Both multichannel and multiparameter systems for large structure examination in real time and data logging systems for continuous surveillance purposes are considered.The expertise accumulated in the application of AE to pressure vessel examination during hydrotest is mentioned, this being oriented to pressure components of conventional power stations and chemical plants.Particular attention is recently paid to mechanical fatigue tests. These were conducted on intermediate PWR nuclear pressure vessel, reduced scale offshore nodes and full scale prototype aircraft.A considerable activity has been carried out on application of AE technique to the detection of fluid leakages in power plant components. Both intrusive and non-intrusive methods have been considered. Many boilers and pre-heaters of thermal power plants have been instrumented for an on-line AE monitoring during operation. The problem of the loose part monitoring has been also considered.Several basic researches for material characterization by AE have been also conducted. Different composite material, carbon and austenitic steels, metal alloys have been studied. 相似文献
3.
Lucia Garcia-Garcia Laia Olle Margarita Martin Jordi Roca-Ferrer Rosa Muoz-Cano 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(10)
Adenosine is a nucleoside involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Its effects are mediated through its binding to G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2a, A2b and A3. The receptors differ in the type of G protein they recruit, in the effect on adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity and the downstream signaling pathway triggered. Adenosine can produce both an enhancement and an inhibition of mast cell degranulation, indicating that adenosine effects on these receptors is controversial and remains to be clarified. Depending on the study model, A1, A2b, and A3 receptors have shown anti- or pro-inflammatory activity. However, most studies reported an anti-inflammatory activity of A2a receptor. The precise knowledge of the adenosine mechanism of action may allow to develop more efficient therapies for allergic diseases by using selective agonist and antagonist against specific receptor subtypes. 相似文献
4.
Vicen Ruiz de Porras Juan Carlos Pardo Lucia Notario Olatz Etxaniz Albert Font 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Since 2010, several treatment options have been available for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), including immunotherapeutic agents, although the clinical benefit of these agents remains inconclusive in unselected mCRPC patients. In recent years, however, immunotherapy has re-emerged as a promising therapeutic option to stimulate antitumor immunity, particularly with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors. There is increasing evidence that ICIs may be especially beneficial in specific subgroups of patients with high PD-L1 tumor expression, high tumor mutational burden, or tumors with high microsatellite instability/mismatch repair deficiency. If we are to improve the efficacy of ICIs, it is crucial to have a better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to ICIs and to identify predictive biomarkers to determine which patients are most likely to benefit. This review focuses on the current status of ICIs for the treatment of mCRPC (either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs), mechanisms of resistance, potential predictive biomarkers, and future challenges in the management of mCRPC. 相似文献
5.
The process of incorporation of zinc into a copper cathode has been experimentally studied in a molten salt system at 381±2° C and at various current densities. The process is shown to be kinetically controlled by the diffusion of Zn into the solid matrix. A galvanostatic pulse titration technique has been used to determine the chemical diffusion coefficient at various alloy compositions, and an exponential relationship has been found between the diffusivity and the third power of the zinc concentration in the alloy. This relationship was then used in the diffusion equation within the solid matrix and a numerical integration was performed. Very good agreement was found between the calculated and experimental data for Zn interfacial concentration versus time. The same calculation procedure was used to determine zinc concentration profiles in the alloys.Nomenclature
c
A
concentration of the diffusing metal (mol cm–3)
-
D
AB
chemical diffusion coefficient of A into B (cm2 s–1)
-
E
cell e.m.f. (mV)
-
F
Faraday number
-
i
current density (A cm–2)
-
t
time (s)
-
V
M
alloy molar volume (cm3 mol–1)
-
x
linear dimension in the diffusion direction (cm)
-
X
zinc mass fraction in the alloy
-
z
ionic valence of Zn
-
stoichiometric ratio Zn/Cu 相似文献
6.
Alfonso Ranalli Luciano Pollastri Stefania Contento Emilia Iannucci Lucia Lucera 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2003,105(2):57-67
The influence of the olive paste malaxation time on the composition and the industrial output of oil was investigated. To this purpose, three Italian olive varieties (Leccino, Dritta, Caroleo) were processed with a centrifugal system for six malaxation periods (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 min). The concentrations of the majority of the oil constituents changed during the malaxation. However, these changes were not significant for all of them: the contents of β‐carotene, the major xanthophylls, chlorophylls a and b, pheophytins a and b in the oils increased progressively with increasing malaxing times, whereas the contents of simple and hydrolysable phenols (secoiridoid derivatives), o‐diphenols and total phenols decreased. A significant increase in total volatiles and green volatiles of the lipoxygenase cascade (C6 aldehydes, C6 alcohols, C5 alcohols and C5 carbonyls) was detected. An opposite trend was observed for the green C6 esters. As a result, the global analytical quality, flavour, aroma and shelf‐life of the oils were negatively affected. The oil yield increased substantially up to 45 min of paste malaxation times. Beyond 60 min, the yields tended to decrease. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
A taxonomy for and analysis of multi-person-display ecosystems 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Interactive displays are increasingly being distributed in a broad spectrum of everyday life environments: they have very
diverse form factors and portability characteristics, support a variety of interaction techniques, and can be used by a variable
number of people. The coupling of multiple displays creates an interactive “ecosystem of displays”. Such an ecosystem is suitable for particular social
contexts, which in turn generates novel settings for communication and performance and challenges in ownership. This paper
aims at providing a design space that can inform the designers of such ecosystems. To this end, we provide a taxonomy that
builds on the size of the ecosystem and on the degree of individual engagement as dimensions. We recognize areas where physical
constraints imply certain kinds of social engagement, versus other areas where further work on interaction techniques for
coupling displays can open new design spaces. 相似文献
10.
Depalo Nicoletta Iacobazzi Rosa Maria Valente Gianpiero Arduino Ilaria Villa Silvia Canepa Fabio Laquintana Valentino Fanizza Elisabetta Striccoli Marinella Cutrignelli Annalisa Lopedota Angela Porcelli Letizia Azzariti Amalia Franco Massimo Curri Maria Lucia Denora Nunzio 《Nano Research》2017,10(7):2431-2448
Currently,sorafenib is the only systemic therapy capable of increasing overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Unfortunately,its side effects,particularly its overall toxicity,limit the therapeutic response that can be achieved.Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are very attractive for drug delivery because they can be targeted to specific sites in the body through application of a magnetic field,thus improving intratumoral accumulation and reducing adverse effects.Here,nanoformulations based on polyethylene glycol modified phospholipid micelles,loaded with both SPIONs and sorafenib,were successfully prepared and thoroughly investigated by complementary techniques.This nanovector system provided effective drug delivery,had an average hydrodynamic diameter of about 125 nm,had good stability in aqueous medium,and allowed controlled drug loading.Magnetic analysis allowed accurate determination of the amount of SPIONs embedded in each micelle.An in vitro system was designed to test whether the SPION micelles can be efficiently held using a magnetic field under typical flow conditions found in the human liver.Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were selected as an in vitro system to evaluate tumor cell targeting efficacy of the superparamagnetic micelles loaded with sorafenib.These experiments demonstrated that this delivery platform is able to enhance sorafenib's antitumor effectiveness by magnetic targeting.The magnetic nanovectors described here represent promising candidates for targeting specific hepatic tumor sites,where selective release of sorafenib can improve its efficacy and safety profile. 相似文献