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1.
The electrokinetic properties such as zeta potential, surface charge density, and surface conductivity of polyester fibers grafted with acrylic acid and acrylonitrile were measured when cationic dye solutions were streamed through. The presence of the cationic dyes on the surface of the fibers and their specific adsorption at the carboxylic groups in the acrylic acid graft copolymer produce lowering of zeta potential. The decrease in surface charge density as the percent graft increases is due to the decrease in surface area of the fibers due to the adsorption of the cationic dyes. The same trend is observed with acrylonitrile-grafted fibers. The surface conductivity of the acrylonitrile-grafted polyester fibers increases with increase in dye concentration of the streaming solution. The results for the 27.4% grafted sample differed from those of the 7.32% and 12.1% grafts, which is indicative of the formation of a three-dimensional network causing change in both the physical structure as well as the chemical nature of the surface of the substrate. 相似文献
2.
With the continuous shrinking of transistors and advent of new transistor architectures to keep in pace with Moore's law and ITRS goals, there is a rising interest in multigate 3D-devices like FinFETs where the channel is surrounded by gates on multiple surfaces. The performance of these devices depends on the dimensions and the spatial distribution of dopants in source/drain regions of the device. As a result there is a need for new metrology approach/technique to characterize quantitatively the dopant distribution in these devices with nanometer precision in 3D.In recent years, atom probe tomography (APT) has shown its ability to analyze semiconductor and thin insulator materials effectively with sub-nm resolution in 3D. In this paper we will discuss the methodology used to study FinFET-based structures using APT. Whereas challenges and solutions for sample preparation linked to the limited fin dimensions already have been reported before, we report here an approach to prepare fin structures for APT, which based on their processing history (trenches filled with Si) are in principle invisible in FIB and SEM. Hence alternative solutions in locating and positioning them on the APT-tip are presented. We also report on the use of the atom probe results on FinFETs to understand the role of different dopant implantation angles (10° and 45°) when attempting conformal doping of FinFETs and provide a quantitative comparison with alternative approaches such as 1D secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and theoretical model values. 相似文献
3.
Lesa Lorenzen Huber Kalpana Shankar Kelly Caine Kay Connelly L. Jean Camp Beth Ann Walker 《International journal of human-computer interaction》2013,29(7):441-455
In-home technologies can support older adults' activities of daily living, provide physical safety and security, and connect elders to family and friends. They facilitate aging in place while reducing caregiver burden. One of older adults' primary concerns about in-home technologies is their potential to reduce human contact, particularly from cherished caregivers. In this exploratory in situ study, we provided an ecosystem of networked monitoring technologies to six older adults and their caregivers. We analyzed the amount and content of communication between them. The amount of noncomputer-mediated communication did not decrease through the 6-week study. The content of communication coalesced into four themes: communication about the technologies, communication facilitated by technologies, intrusiveness of technologies, and fun and playfulness with the technologies. Results suggest that in-home technologies, designed with sensitivity to older adults' primary motivations, have the potential to shape and tailor important relationships in later life. 相似文献
4.
Mohanapriya Marimuthu Santhosh Rajendran Reshma Radhakrishnan Kalpana Rengarajan Shahzada Khurram Shafiq Ahmad Abdelaty Edrees Sayed Muhammad Shafiq 《计算机、材料和连续体(英文)》2023,74(3):4729-4745
Continuous improvements in very-large-scale integration (VLSI) technology and design software have significantly broadened the scope of digital signal processing (DSP) applications. The use of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and programmable digital signal processors for many DSP applications have changed, even though new system implementations based on reconfigurable computing are becoming more complex. Adaptable platforms that combine hardware and software programmability efficiency are rapidly maturing with discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) and sophisticated computerized design techniques, which are much needed in today’s modern world. New research and commercial efforts to sustain power optimization, cost savings, and improved runtime effectiveness have been initiated as initial reconfigurable technologies have emerged. Hence, in this paper, it is proposed that the DWT method can be implemented on a field-programmable gate array in a digital architecture (FPGA-DA). We examined the effects of quantization on DWT performance in classification problems to demonstrate its reliability concerning fixed-point math implementations. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm for DWT learning used in this architecture is less responsive to resampling errors than the previously proposed solution in the literature using the artificial neural networks (ANN) method. By reducing hardware area by 57%, the proposed system has a higher throughput rate of 88.72%, reliability analysis of 95.5% compared to the other standard methods. 相似文献
5.
Lila Kari Kalpana Mahalingam Shinnosuke Seki 《Theoretical computer science》2009,410(24-25):2393-2400
6.
Schwartz Steven M.; Trask Peter C.; Shanmugham Kalpana; Townsend Cynthia Oswald 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,35(5):500
Efficacy research is insufficient and ineffective in changing practice, despite a large supporting psychotherapy efficacy literature. Concurrently, demand for supporting data and the burden on everyday practice for generating these data is increasing. The disconnect between efficacy and effectiveness is due to a lack of conceptual and methodological tools for testing efficacious procedures in real-world settings, particularly medical contexts. This article articulates the position that effectiveness studies pose more complex questions that require an alteration of conceptual and methodological frames of reference in order to make behavioral services available to the broadest patient base. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
7.
8.
Subrata Mallick Satyanarayan Pattnaik Kalpana Swain Pintu K. De Arindam Saha Pushpen Mazumdar 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2013,39(7):726-734
This present study is a preliminary exploration of the affinity between a carboxylic model drug ibuprofen and aluminum hydroxide. Ibuprofen was comilled with aluminum hydroxide in different weight ratios in the solid state and was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and in vitro dissolution studies. XRD and SEM studies indicated complete interaction of ibuprofen with aluminum hydroxide and complete amorphization of aluminum hydroxide–ibuprofen complexed salt as well, on comilling with aluminum hydroxide at 1:2 ratio. FTIR data showed the disappearance of acid carbonyl peak with the appearance and the corresponding increase in absorbance of new signal at 1,682 cm?1 in the 1:1 and 1:2 ibuprofen–aluminum hydroxide-comilled powder. The accompanied increase in the absorbance of carboxylate peak in the ibuprofen–aluminum hydroxide physical mixture, and 1:0.1, 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2 (IBApm, and IB1A0.1, IB1A0.5, IB1A1, and IB1A2, respectively) comilled powder indicated an acid–base reaction between ibuprofen and aluminum hydroxide. On storage at 40°C and 75% relative humidity (RH) for 10 weeks, XRD study showed the absence of reversion to the crystalline state and FTIR data revealed continued increase of new signal at 1,682 cm?1 relative to carboxylic acid peak and no reappearance of carboxylic acid peak. In vitro dissolution studies revealed that the percent release of ibuprofen from the aluminum hydroxide-comilled powder is in the following order: IB1A2 < IB1A1 < ibuprofen crystal < ibuprofen milled alone < IB1A0.1 < IB1A0.5. Aluminum metal cation might have interacted to form a complex through the carboxyl and carbonyl groups of ibuprofen. Improved dissolution of drug associated with IB1A0.1 and IB1A0.5 is because of the absence of a new signal at 1,682 cm?1 and improved amorphization of the drug to some extent. Dissolution of drug affected in IB1A2 and IB1A1 may be because of the insoluble stable complex formation. 相似文献
9.
Priti Tagde Agnieszka Najda Kalpana Nagpal Giriraj T. Kulkarni Muddaser Shah Obaid Ullah Sebastian Balant Md. Habibur Rahman 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(5)
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women globally. It is caused by mutations in the estrogen/progesterone receptors and conventional treatment methods are commonly utilized. About 70–80 percent of individuals with the early-stage non-metastatic disease may be cured. Conventional treatment is far less than the optimal ratio, as demonstrated through the high mortality rate of women with this cancer. However, conventional treatment methods like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are not as effective as expected and lead to concerns about low bioavailability, low cellular uptake, emerging resistance, and adverse toxicities. A nanomedicine-based approach is a promising alternative for breast cancer treatment. The present era is witnessing rapid advancements in nanomedicine as a platform for investigating novel therapeutic applications and modern intelligent healthcare management strategies. This paper focuses on nanomedicine-based therapeutic interventions that are becoming more widely accepted for improving treatment effectiveness and reducing undesired side effects in breast cancer patients. By evaluating the state-of-the-art tools and taking the challenges involved into consideration, various aspects of the proposed nano-enabled therapeutic approaches have been discussed in this review. 相似文献
10.
V. B. Singh Kalpana Yadav Reecha Kapur V.S.S. Yadavalli 《国际自动化与计算杂志》2007,4(4):359-368
Since the early 1970s tremendous growth has been seen in the research of software reliability growth modeling.In general, software reliability growth models (SRGMs) are applicable to the late stages of testing in software development and they can provide useful information about how to improve the reliability of software products.A number of SRGMs have been proposed in the literature to represent time-dependent fault identification/removal phenomenon;still new models are being proposed that could fit a greater number of reliability growth curves.Often,it is assumed that detected faults axe immediately corrected when mathematical models are developed.This assumption may not be realistic in practice because the time to remove a detected fault depends on the complexity of the fault,the skill and experience of the personnel,the size of the debugging team,the technique,and so on.Thus,the detected fault need not be immediately removed,and it may lag the fault detection process by a delay effect factor.In this paper,we first review how different software reliability growth models have been developed,where fault detection process is dependent not only on the number of residual fault content but also on the testing time,and see how these models can be reinterpreted as the delayed fault detection model by using a delay effect factor.Based on the power function of the testing time concept,we propose four new SRGMs that assume the presence of two types of faults in the software:leading and dependent faults.Leading faults are those that can be removed upon a failure being observed.However,dependent faults are masked by leading faults and can only be removed after the corresponding leading fault has been removed with a debugging time lag.These models have been tested on real software error data to show its goodness of fit,predictive validity and applicability. 相似文献