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2.
The Use of Biopreservatives in the Control of Bacterial Contaminants of Sugarcane Alcohol Fermentation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACT: Efficacy and safety of biopreservatives were studied for microbiological control of alcohol fermentation. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of nisin and lysozyme, and combinations with EDTA and Tween 20, were determined for Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum , and L. confusus. The highest MIC value for nisin was 9.0 ppm for L. fermentum. Lysozyme was efficient against L. plantarum (700 ppm). A 24 factorial design was used to study the effect of biopreservatives and potentiators on the growth kinetics of Lactobacillus fermentum. The combination of 8.6 ppm of nisin plus 0.1% of Tween 20 delayed the lag phase by 12 h. The biopreservatives did not affect the fermentation kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 相似文献
3.
The condition of the surfaces is of crucial importance for the deuterium permeation through materials. In this work a study of the surface constants for the adsorption (σk1) and release (σk2) of deuterium under different surface conditions on the martensitic steel DIN 1.4914 (MANET) has been carried out. The growth of an oxide surface layer (Cr2O3) of about 25–30 nm in a MANET sample, heat treated in an oxidizing environment, compared to the bare MANET that have a ‘natural' oxide of about 5 nm has provoked a reduction of both the permeation rate and the recombination coefficient (about 3 orders of magnitude). In addition, the permeation governing process has changed from diffusion-limited to surface-limited. The measurements of the permeation rate of deuterium were performed by a gas-phase permeation technique over the temperature range 574–746 K and for deuterium driving pressures in the range from 3 to 105 Pa. 相似文献
4.
Roberto Lande Immacolata Pietraforte Anna Mennella Raffaella Palazzo Francesca Romana Spinelli Konstantinos Giannakakis Francesca Spadaro Mario Falchi Valeria Riccieri Katia Stefanantoni Curdin Conrad Cristiano Alessandri Fabrizio Conti Loredana Frasca 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
LL37 acts as T-cell/B-cell autoantigen in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriatic disease. Moreover, when bound to “self” nucleic acids, LL37 acts as “danger signal,” leading to type I interferon (IFN-I)/pro-inflammatory factors production. T-cell epitopes derived from citrullinated-LL37 act as better antigens than unmodified LL37 epitopes in SLE, at least in selected HLA-backgrounds, included the SLE-associated HLA-DRB1*1501/HLA-DRB5*0101 backgrounds. Remarkably, while “fully-citrullinated” LL37 acts as better T-cell-stimulator, it loses DNA-binding ability and the associated “adjuvant-like” properties. Since LL37 undergoes a further irreversible post-translational modification, carbamylation and antibodies to carbamylated self-proteins other than LL37 are present in SLE, here we addressed the involvement of carbamylated-LL37 in autoimmunity and inflammation in SLE. We detected carbamylated-LL37 in SLE-affected tissues. Most importantly, carbamylated-LL37-specific antibodies and CD4 T-cells circulate in SLE and both correlate with disease activity. In contrast to “fully citrullinated-LL37,” “fully carbamylated-LL37” maintains both innate and adaptive immune-cells’ stimulatory abilities: in complex with DNA, carbamylated-LL37 stimulates plasmacytoid dendritic cell IFN-α production and B-cell maturation into plasma cells. Thus, we report a further example of how different post-translational modifications of a self-antigen exert complementary effects that sustain autoimmunity and inflammation, respectively. These data also show that T/B-cell responses to carbamylated-LL37 represent novel SLE disease biomarkers. 相似文献
5.
Serena Montalbano Francesca Degola Jennifer Bartoli Franco Bisceglie Annamaria Buschini Mauro Carcelli Donatella Feretti Serena Galati Laura Marchi Nicol Orsoni Giorgio Pelosi Marianna Pioli Francesco M. Restivo Dominga Rogolino Mirco Scaccaglia Olga Serra Giorgio Spadola Gaia C. V. Viola Ilaria Zerbini Claudia Zani 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
The control of the fungal contamination on crops is considered a priority by the sanitary authorities of an increasing number of countries, and this is also due to the fact that the geographic areas interested in mycotoxin outbreaks are widening. Among the different pre- and post-harvest strategies that may be applied to prevent fungal and/or aflatoxin contamination, fungicides still play a prominent role; however, despite of countless efforts, to date the problem of food and feed contamination remains unsolved, since the essential factors that affect aflatoxins production are various and hardly to handle as a whole. In this scenario, the exploitation of bioactive natural sources to obtain new agents presenting novel mechanisms of action may represent a successful strategy to minimize, at the same time, aflatoxin contamination and the use of toxic pesticides. The Aflatox® Project was aimed at the development of new-generation inhibitors of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. proliferation and toxin production, through the modification of naturally occurring molecules: a panel of 177 compounds, belonging to the thiosemicarbazones class, have been synthesized and screened for their antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic potential. The most effective compounds, selected as the best candidates as aflatoxin containment agents, were also evaluated in terms of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and epi-genotoxicity to exclude potential harmful effect on the human health, the plants on which fungi grow and the whole ecosystem. 相似文献
6.
Rafael S. Pinto João P. Serra João C. Barbosa Renato Gonçalves Maria M. Silva Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez Carlos M. Costa 《大分子材料与工程》2021,306(11):2100372
Considering the high levels of materials used in the fields of electronics and energy storage systems, it is increasingly necessary to take into consideration environmental impact. Thus, it is important to develop devices based on environmentally friendlier materials and/or processes, such as additive manufacturing techniques. In this work, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) are prepared by direct-ink-writing (DIW) by varying solvent evaporation temperature and fill density percentage. Different morphologies for both polymers are obtained, including dense films and porous membranes, as well as different electroactive β-phase content, thermal and mechanical properties. The dielectric constant and piezoelectric d33 coefficient for dense films reaches up to 16 at 1 kHz and 4 pC N−1, respectively for PVDF-HFP with a fill density of 80 and a solvent evaporation temperature of 50 °C. Porous structures are developed for battery separator membranes in lithium-ion batteries, with a highest ionic conductivity value of 3.8 mS cm−1 for the PVDF-HFP sample prepared with a fill density of 100 and a solvent evaporation temperature of 25 °C, the sample showing an excellent cycling performance. It is demonstrated that electroactive films and membranes can be prepared by direct-ink writing suitable for sensors/actuators and energy storage systems. 相似文献
7.
In this study, waste biological sludge is converted to an adsorbent by chemical activation with sulphuric acid. The adsorbent obtained is then applied to the aerated vessel of an activated sludge process treating glucose and phenol to improve the quality of the treated effluent. The sludge-based carbonaceous adsorbent was found to be mesoporous in nature, with a good adsorption capacity for large molecular weight compounds and limited removal efficiency for smaller molecules such as phenol. The addition of carbon, either sludge-based or commercial, enhanced phenol removal from 58% to 98.7% and from 87% to 93% the organic matter removal as measured by the chemical oxygen demand (COD) when operated with feed concentrations of 100 mg phenol/l and 2500 mg COD/l. No differences were found between the activated sludge-activated carbon bench scale continuous reactors operating with either commercial or sludge-based adsorbents in spite of the higher adsorption capacity of the former. It is suggested that powdered adsorbent bioregeneration in the combined AS-PAC system may be impaired by the obstruction of pores due to bacterial growth, the effect being more important for the commercial activated carbon with a narrower pore size distribution. 相似文献
8.
G. Schlatter C. Serra M. Bouquey R. Muller J. Terrisse 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2002,42(10):1965-1975
Light scattering has proved itself an efficient technique to determine particle diameters in heterogeneous dilute dispersions in the micrometer range. Extrusion of polymer blends is expected to give rise to very small particles, typically in the range from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers. A light scattering device developed in our laboratory has been used to study the morphology of polymer blends obtained in a twin‐screw extruder. The main advantage of this technique is the immediate response obtained without any surface or interface modification that can occur during the sample preparation by using more conventional techniques like electron microscopy. To show the possible applications of this light scattering device, preliminary tests have been carried out. First, we present a comparison between experimental measurements and theoretical results for dilute systems. Second, we have investigated the effect of shear flow on the droplet deformation. Finally, we have studied the variations of the light scattering pattern for a reactive blend. 相似文献
9.
Sergio Orts-Escolano Jose Garcia-Rodriguez Vicente Morell Miguel Cazorla Jose Antonio Serra Perez Alberto Garcia-Garcia 《Neural Processing Letters》2016,43(2):401-423
With the advent of low-cost 3D sensors and 3D printers, scene and object 3D surface reconstruction has become an important research topic in the last years. In this work, we propose an automatic (unsupervised) method for 3D surface reconstruction from raw unorganized point clouds acquired using low-cost 3D sensors. We have modified the growing neural gas network, which is a suitable model because of its flexibility, rapid adaptation and excellent quality of representation, to perform 3D surface reconstruction of different real-world objects and scenes. Some improvements have been made on the original algorithm considering colour and surface normal information of input data during the learning stage and creating complete triangular meshes instead of basic wire-frame representations. The proposed method is able to successfully create 3D faces online, whereas existing 3D reconstruction methods based on self-organizing maps required post-processing steps to close gaps and holes produced during the 3D reconstruction process. A set of quantitative and qualitative experiments were carried out to validate the proposed method. The method has been implemented and tested on real data, and has been found to be effective at reconstructing noisy point clouds obtained using low-cost 3D sensors. 相似文献
10.
Microbial fuel cells (MFCS) can be used in wastewater treatment and to simultaneously produce electricity (renewable energy). MFC technology has already been applied successfully in lab-scale studies to treat domestic wastewater, focussing on organic matter removal and energy production. However, domestic wastewater also contains nitrogen that needs to be treated before being discharged. The goal of this paper is to assess simultaneous domestic wastewater treatment and energy production using an air-cathode MFC, paying special attention to nitrogen compound transformations. An air-cathode MFC was designed and run treating 1.39 L d(-1) of wastewater with an organic load rate of 7.2 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) (80% removal efficiency) and producing 1.42 W m(-3). In terms of nitrogen transformations, the study demonstrates that two different processes took place in the MFC: physical-chemical and biological. Nitrogen loss was observed increasing in line with the power produced. A low level of oxygen was present in the anodic compartment, and ammonium was oxidised to nitrite and nitrate. 相似文献