Data collection: evaluation of a pilot model

The overall purpose of this study was to explore nurses' feelings about the applicability and adequacy of a pilot model of nursing assessment (PMNA) developed for coronary care units (CCU) in order to obtain data that could help in establishing a definitive model. The evaluation, performed by 11 CCU nurses, showed that they considered the development and implementation of PMNA as valuable, and that its design was adequate for interviewing cardiac patients. These results will be employed in the elaboration of a definitive model of nursing assessment.     

The Role of Network Topologies in the Optical Core of IP-over-WDM Networks with Static Wavelength Routing

In this paper, we present a performance analysis of network topologies for the optical core of IP-over-WDM networks with static wavelength routing. The performance analysis is focused on regular degree four topologies, and, for comparison purposes, degree three topologies are also considered. It is shown that the increase of the nodal degree from three (degree three topology with smallest diameter) to four (degree four topology with smallest diameter) improves the network performance if a larger number of wavelengths per link is available. However, the influence of wavelength interchange on the nodal degree gain is small. The performance of regular degree four topologies with smallest diameter is also compared with the performance of mesh–torus topologies (which are also degree four topologies), and it is shown that the blocking probability of degree four topologies with smallest diameter is about two orders of magnitude lower than the blocking probability of mesh–torus topologies. It is also presented a performance comparison of WDM-based networks with nodal degrees ranging from two to five and it is shown that the increase of the nodal degree from two to three leads to high nodal degree gains, while de increase of the nodal degree from four to five leads to low nodal degree gains. These results show that degree three and degree four topologies are very attractive for use in the optical core of IP-over-WDM networks.     

Efficient computation of the steady-state response of periodicnonlinear microwave circuits using a convolution-based sample-balancetechnique

The authors describe an efficient and robust approach to the computation of the steady-state response of periodic nonlinear microwave circuits. The problem of solving a set of differential equations is converted into that of solving a system of nonlinear algebraic equations using a technique called convolution-based sample balance. Although exact in all cases for which harmonic-balance techniques are exact, this technique does not require the use of discrete Fourier transforms, and calculating the Jacobian is straightforward. For the solution of the resulting system of nonlinear equations, an efficient and yet robust algorithm has been developed. In the examples given, savings in computational effort of over 85% are reported when this algorithm is compared with Newton's method     

Influence of pencil lead hardness on voltammetric response of graphite reinforcement carbon electrodes

This work studied the voltammetric response of graphite reinforcement electrodes made of different pencil lead hardness. The studies showed that harder graphite leads, regardless of their manufacturer, are more appropriate as electrode material for voltammetric purposes due to their higher peak currents, increasing sensitivity and reproducibility, with ΔEp closer to the theoretical value for a reversible system.     

Analysis of information exchange activities to actualize and validate situation awareness during shift changeovers in nuclear power plants

Shift work situations occur in almost all safety‐critical organizations, and the investigations of some catastrophes like Chernobyl, Exxon Valdez, and the Gol/Legacy mid‐air collision indicated that shift work information exchange played an important role during the evolution of the situation before the accidents. Inadequate communications during shift changeovers challenged operators' work in the moments that preceded these accidents, because they got inadequate information about the current situation. Our research focuses on the information exchange activities (verbal, written, and nonverbal) of nuclear power plant control operators during shift changeovers. Our aim is to investigate how verbal exchanges and other representations enable operator crews to share information regarding the events that occurred in the previous shift to achieve adequate situation awareness. Our findings indicated the importance and richness of the information exchange during the shift changeover process to update and validate individual and collective situation awareness, showing that information adequately shared enables the ad hoc configurations of regulation loops and a safer use of simplified strategies that can be understood and be validated by other operators, reducing the occurrence of cognitive overloads and contributing to the construction of a common cognitive ground that enhances system resilience. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Thermal expansion of Pyros from 20 to 1273 K

Pyros, which is a Ni-base alloy (82% Ni, 8% Cr, 4% W, 3% Mn, and 3% Fe), has been used extensively in France since 1926 as a temperature sensor and as a reference material for thermal expansion measurements. In this paper we present recent data on the expansion and expansivity of Pyros from 20 to 1273 K. Expansivity results, obtained by taking the derivative of a cubic-spline polynomial fitting performed to the L/L experimental data, show that Pyros is a stable material in the 20 to 1273 K temperature range. Furthermore, since the expansivity values are similar to those of steels, Pyros should be of special interest to laboratories which are concerned with expansion measurements on steels. Therefore, we suggest that Pyros be considered as a suitable reference material for thermal expansion measurements on steels, and until more accurate results are obtained, we propose our results as reference data between 20 and 1273 K.Paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.     

Modeling of solid—liquid adsorption: Effects of adsorbent loads on model parameters

The adsorption of cobalt phthalocyanine dye onto activated carbon in a continuous stirred tank adsorber was studied. The variables investigated were: adsorbent mass, adsorbent particle size and fluid flowrate. Several models based on film, pore and surface diffusion were constructed and fitted to the experimental data. Experimental results showed: (i) the increasing importance of the film mass transfer resistance for increasing adsorbent loads; (ii) the increasing importance of the surface diffusion mechanism for increasing adsorbent loads; and (iii) the better discrimination among different models for higher adsorbent loads and lower flowrate.     

Degradation of Leaf Litter Phenolics by Aquatic and Terrestrial Isopods

To investigate species-specific decomposition rates of litter from native (Quercus faginea) and introduced (Eucalyptus globulus) tree species in Portugal, we monitored changes in the phenolic signature of leaf litter during decomposition as mediated by an aquatic, Proasellus coxalis (Isopoda: Asellota), and two terrestrial, Porcellio dispar and Eluma caelatum (Isopoda: Oniscidea), detritivores. Although the litter of Eucalyptus and Quercus did not differ in overall protein precipitation capacity, we detected differences in terms of contents of particular phenolic compounds and phenol oxidation products. Accordingly, we observed food-specific consumption rates in Proasellus, but not in the terrestrial isopods. Proasellus digested Eucalyptus at significantly higher rates than Quercus, whereas the opposite was the case for Eluma, and Porcellio digested both litter types equally well. Despite slight differences in detail, effects of Proasellus on changes in the signature of litter phenolics were similar for both litter types, whereas terrestrial isopods—Porcellio and Eluma, although they differed from each other—digestively degraded phenolic compounds in Eucalyptus and Quercus litter, respectively, in different ways. Overall, however, degradation of litter phenolics was similarly effective on both litter types. From these data, we conclude that decomposition of Eucalyptus litter does not proceed more slowly than of litter from native Portuguese trees.