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1.
Mohammad H. Alizadeh Toktam Kermani Reza Tayebee 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2007,138(2):165-170
Summary. Esterifications of acetic acid with some linear, secondary, tertiary, and benzylic alcohols mediated by catalytic amounts
of Keggin, Wells–Dawson, and Preyssler type heteropolyacids were carried out under reflux at mild reaction conditions with good to excellent yields. Among the examined
catalysts, H3PW12O40 and H14NaP5W30O110 revealed better results than other heteropolyacids. This work was performed with the aim of simplifying the esterification
process by omitting any solvents and mineral acid catalysts. Easy work-up, low cost, and acidic waste reduction, which are
all important features from the environmental and economical points of view, are distinct aspects of this protocol. Heteropolyacid
catalysts could be separated after a simple work-up and reused for several times. 相似文献
2.
Interpretation of contact angle measurements on two different fluoropolymers for the determination of solid surface tension 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tavana H Simon F Grundke K Kwok DY Hair ML Neumann AW 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2005,291(2):497-506
Contact angle measurements with a large number of liquids on the semi-fluorinated acryl polymer EGC-1700 films are reported. The surface tension was determined to be gammasv=13.84 mJ/m2 from contact angles of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (DMCPS). Inertness of these two liquids makes them ideal for determination of surface tension of low-energy fluoropolymers. On the other hand, contact angles of many other liquids deviated somewhat from a smooth contact angle pattern that represents the EGC-1700 surface tension. It is argued that noninertness of the molecules of these liquids gives rise to specific interactions with the polymer film, causing the deviations. Furthermore, contact angles of a series of n-alkanes (n-hexane to n-hexadecane) showed systematic deviations from this curve, similar to the trend observed for n-alkanes/Teflon AF 1600 systems studied earlier. Adsorption of vapor of short-chain liquids onto the polymer film caused their contact angles to fall above the gammasv=13.84 mJ/m2 curve, and a parallel alignment of molecules of the long-chain n-alkanes in the vicinity of the solid was the explanation for the deviation of their contact angles below it. It is found that vapor adsorption effect is more significant in the case of Teflon AF 1600, while the alignment of liquid molecules close to the surface is more pronounced for EGC-1700. 相似文献
3.
The sodium salts of the conjugated bases of uracils undergo highly chemoselective O4-monoalkylation when treated with various alkyl halides in dry DMF, while the use of methyl iodide results in N1+N3-dimethylation. Theoretical evaluations of the chemo- and regioselectivity along with X-ray crystallographic data are presented. 相似文献
4.
5.
This paper proposes a new multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) model that uses a series of existing intuitive and analytical
methods to systematically capture both objective and subjective beliefs and preferences from a group of decision makers (DMs).
A defuzzification method that combines entropy and the theory of displaced ideal synthesizes crisp values from the DMs’ subjective
judgments. This approach assists the DMs in their selection process by plotting alternatives in a four quadrant graph and
considering their Euclidean distance from the “ideal” choice. A pilot study illustrates the details of the proposed method.
The DMs were a group of graduate students from the University of Paderborn in Germany. The pilot study concerned the addition
of new members into the European Union (EU), a decision that has profound economic and political effects on both the entering
and existing members of the Union. The DMs were required to consider a large number of internal strengths and weaknesses and
external opportunities and threats in assessing the decision to enlarge the EU. Although the pilot study was not performed
by actual DMs from the EU, it was an excellent platform for testing the proposed model. 相似文献
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7.
H. Khosroabadi A. Tavana M. Akhavan 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2006,51(2):161-165
Ab initio total energy calculations have been performed for superconducting
GdBa2Cu3O7 and insulating PrBa2Cu3O7 using the
full-potential linear augmented plane-wave method in the local density
approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The
comparison of the calculated unit cell volume and lattice parameters with
the experimental data indicates the improvement of these parameters in the
GGA relative to LDA. LDA and GGA give the equilibrium unit cell volume about
6% smaller and 1.25% larger than the experimental data, respectively
for both systems. Thus frozen phonon calculations have been performed to
determine the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the k=0 Ag modes of the
two systems in equilibrium structure have been obtained in GGA. The
calculated frequencies in the GGA are in good agreement with the other LDA
calculations for similar systems. Comparison of computational data with
experimental data indicates that calculations determine the frequencies
about ten percent below the experimental data. Even by improving LDA to GGA
in these calculations, the calculated phonon frequencies have remained
almost ten percent below the experimental data, even though the calculated
unit cell volumes are nearly equal to the experimental data. So, applying
GGA has not considerably decreased the difference between the computational
and experimental data. The effect of Pr doping on the eigenvalues and
eigenvectors have also been investigated. 相似文献
8.
Contact angles of a homologous series of naphthalene compounds on films of a fluorinated acrylate polymer (EGC-1700) deviate from an ideal pattern of contact angles. The deviations increase with the electronegativity of the constituent atoms of the liquid molecules. The results suggest that an uneven distribution of electrostatic charges over the molecules creates strong dipole moments, giving rise to fairly strong dipole-dipole and dipole-induced dipole interactions between liquid molecules and the EGC-1700 chains, which have large dipole moments. In comparison, contact angles of the same probe liquids on the films of Teflon AF 1600, which have small dipole moments, fall on a smooth curve representing the surface tension of the polymer film. 相似文献
9.
Madjid Tavana Mariya A. Sodenkamp Mohsen Pirdashti 《Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making》2010,9(4):455-492
Economic expansion in developed countries coupled with dramatically growing economies in countries such as China and India
have precipitated a steady increase in demand for oil and natural gas. The Caspian Sea region holds large quantities of both
oil and natural gas. Because the Caspian Sea is landlocked and the region’s nations are distant from the largest energy markets,
transportation must at least begin by pipeline. While some lines currently exist, pipelines with the capacity of transporting
larger amounts of energy resources must be constructed to meet the global demand. This study is conducted for a multinational
oil and natural gas producer to develop a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework for evaluating five possible pipeline
routes in the Caspian Sea region. The proposed MCDA model considers a large number of conflicting criteria in the evaluation
process and captures decision makers’ (DMs’) beliefs through a series of intuitive and analytical methods such as the analytic
network process and fuzzy scoring. A defuzzification method is used to obtain crisp values from the subjective judgments and
estimates provided by multiple DMs. These crisp values are aggregated and synthesized with the concept of entropy and the
theory of the displaced ideal. The alternative routes are plotted on a diagram in a polar coordinate system and a classification
scheme is used along with the Euclidean distance to measure which alternative is closer to the ideal route. 相似文献
10.
Palladium on activated carbon catalyzed reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones by triethylsilane 下载免费PDF全文
Maryam Mirza‐Aghayan Mahdieh Molaee Tavana Mahshid Rahimifard Rabah Boukherroub 《应用有机金属化学》2014,28(2):113-115
Various aldehydes and ketones were efficiently transformed into the corresponding amines using amine derivatives in the presence of triethylsilane and a catalytic amount of palladium on activated carbon in ethanol. The proposed method provides a one‐pot synthesis of various amines in excellent yields after short reaction times. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献