Effect of temperature on the organized self-assembly of SDS/β-Cyclodextrin aqueous solution by dielectric relaxation behavior

The temperature dependence of microstructures of SDS/β-cyclodextrin aqueous solution was investigated by impedance analyzer at the temperature range of 15°C to 55°C. The dielectric relaxation behaviors were observed from 15°C to 35°C, which was attributed to the Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization. The microstructure transition of the SDS/β-cyclodextrin aqueous solution from micro-tube to vesicle and then to monomer with increasing temperature was confirmed by conjointly analyzing dielectric parameters, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and infrared spectra. Furthermore, the dielectric analysis was proved to be useful to study surfactant-based organized self-assembly.     

Design,Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Potent MAPK11 Inhibitors

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare single-gene neurodegenerative disease, which can only be treated symptomatically. Currently, there are no approved drugs for HD on the market. Studies have found that MAPK11 can serve as a potential therapeutic target for HD. Regrettably, no MAPK11 small molecule inhibitors have been approved at present. This paper presents three series of compounds that were designed and synthesized based on the structure of skepinone-L, a known MAPK14 inhibitor. Among the synthesized compounds, 13a and 13b, with IC₅₀ values of 6.40 nM and 4.20 nM, respectively, displayed the best inhibitory activities against MAPK11. Furthermore, the structure–activity relationship (SAR) is discussed in detail, which is constructive in optimizing the MAPK11 inhibitors for better activity and effect against HD.     

储油罐横向偏转变位后罐容表的重新标定算法

由于地基变形等原因,地下储油罐使用一段时间后罐体的变位会导致原标定的罐容表失效。本文针对常用储油罐的几何形状,用微元法推导了根据罐内油位高度计算储油量的公式,给出了储油罐发生横向偏转时探针测量的油位高度与罐中油位实际高度的关系,建立了储油罐变位后储油量与变位参数和探针测量油位高度关系的数学模型,为识别罐体位置的变位和罐容表重新标定提供理论依据,给出了罐容表的初始标定与变位后的重新标定算法。     

Model smoke stream adsorption over cellulose acetate stick with three-dimensional temperature gradient by combining in-situ DRIFTS with infrared thermal imaging

Cellulose - Understanding the adsorption of the smoke stream (SR) on cigarette filter—cellulose acetate stick with different temperatures is beneficial for controlling chemical emissions and...     

Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Li2O-V2O5-B2O3-Bi2O3 Glass and Glass-Ceramic Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

In this study, 20Li₂O-60V₂O₅-(20 − x)B₂O₃-xBi₂O₃ (x = 5, 7.5, 10 mol%) glass materials have been prepared by the melt-quenching method, and the structure and morphology of the glass materials have been characterized by XRD, FTIR, Raman, and FE-SEM. The results show that the disordered network of the glass is mainly composed of structural motifs, such as VO₄, BO₃, BiO_3, and BiO₆. The electrochemical properties of the glass cathode material have been investigated by the galvanostatic charge-discharge method and cyclic voltammetry, and the results show that with the increases of Bi₂O₃ molar content, the amount of the VO₄ group increases, and the network structure of the glass becomes more stable. To further enhance the electrochemical properties, glass-ceramic materials have been obtained by heat treatment, and the effect of the heat treatment temperature on the structure and electrochemical properties of the glass has been studied. The results show that the initial discharge capacity of the glass-ceramic cathode obtained by heat treatment at 280 °C at a current density of 50 mA·g⁻¹ is 333.4 mAh·g⁻¹. In addition, after several cycles of charging and discharging at a high current density of 1000 mA·g⁻¹ and then 10 cycles at 50 mA·g⁻¹, its discharge capacity remains at approximately 300 mAh·g⁻¹ with a capacity retention rate of approximately 90.0%. The results indicate that a proper heat treatment temperature is crucial to improving the electrochemical properties of glass materials. This study provides an approach for the development of new glass cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries.     

Methanation of carbon dioxide on Ni/ZrO2-Al2O3 catalysts:Effects of ZrO2 promoter and preparation method of novel ZrO2-Al2O3 carrier

The novel nickel-based catalysts with a nickel content of 12 wt% were prepared with the zirconia-alumina composite as the supports. The new carriers, ZrO2 improved alumina, were synthesized by three methods, i.e., impregnation-precipitation, co-precipitation, and impregnation method. The catalytic properties of these catalysts were investigated in the methanation of carbon dioxide, and the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. The new catalysts showed higher catalytic activity and better stability than Ni/γ-Al2O3. Furthermore, as a support for new nickel catalyst, the ZrO2-Al2O3 composite prepared by the impregnation-precipitation method was more efficient than the other supports in the methanation of carbon dioxide. The highly dispersed zirconium oxide on the surface of γ-Al2O3 inhibited the formation of nickel aluminate-like phase, which was responsible for the better dispersion of Ni species and easier reduction of NiO species, leading to the enhanced catalytic performance of corresponding catalyst.     

Composite Hydrogel Microspheres Encapsulating Hollow Mesoporous Imprinted Nanoparticles for Selective Capture and Separation of 2′-Deoxyadenosine

Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles have been widely applied as a carrier material in the molecular imprinting process because of their excellent properties, with high specific surface area and well-defined active centers. However, these kinds of materials face the inevitable problem that they have low mass transfer efficiency and cannot be conveniently recycled. In order to solve this problem, this work has developed a composite hydrogel microsphere (MMHSG) encapsulated with hollow mesoporous imprinted nanoparticles for the selective extraction of 2’-deoxyadenosine (dA). Subsequently, the hollow mesoporous imprinted polymers using dA as template molecule and synthesized 5-(2-carbomethoxyvinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (AcrU) as functional monomer were encapsulated in hydrogel. MMHSG displayed good performance in specifically recognizing and quickly separating dA, whereas no imprinting effect was observed among 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG), deoxycytidine (dC), or 5′-monophosphate disodium salt (AMP). Moreover, the adsorption of dA by MMHSG followed chemisorption and could reach adsorption equilibrium within 60 min; the saturation adsorption capacity was 20.22 μmol·g⁻¹. The introduction of AcrU could improve selectivity through base complementary pairing to greatly increase the imprinting factor to 3.79. Therefore, this was a successful attempt to combine a hydrogel with hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles and molecularly imprinted material.     

Carbonization of Chitosan in Palladium-Chitosan/ Montmorillonite Composites to Prepare Novel Heterogeneous Catalysts for Heck Reactions

Palladium-carbon/montmorillonite (Pd-C/MMT) heterogeneous catalysts were prepared by carbonization of chitosan in palladium-chitosan/montmorillonite (Pd-CS/MMT) composites under a N₂ atmosphere. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the carbonization temperature (250, 450, and 650°C) on the material microstructure and its catalytic performance. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the formation of an intercalation of the carbonaceous material between the clay mineral layers which was also confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra results. The N content of the Pd-C/MMT catalyst decreased as the carbonization temperature was increased. Thermogravimetry curves revealed that the thermal stability of the Pd-C/MMT catalyst increased obviously as the carbonization temperature was increased. Pd nanoparticles, sized at about 20 nm, were mainly dispersed on the surface of the MMT, as observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The prepared Pd-C/MMT catalysts had good catalytic activity when applied in Heck coupling reactions of aromatic halides and alkenes to produce aryl olefins. The relations between the recyclability and the material composition are discussed.     

基于洋面场景的MERSI偏振辐射特性反演及其分析方法

辐射传递链路的偏振灵敏度会影响中分辨率光谱成像仪(MERSI)遥感观测数据的精度及其后续应用,故需要对其偏振灵敏度进行反演、分析及定量去除以提高辐射定标的精度。针对在轨后的MERSI,选择洋面场景这一偏振度较大的区域,通过对卫星观测数据和环境数据进行预处理,基于海洋表面三维波浪斜坡的概率密度模型和菲涅耳反射定律来描述海表辐射状态,利用6SV辐射传输模拟工具来分析大气对偏振辐射状态的影响,将其与海表辐射状态耦合可得到大气顶偏振辐射状态,实现了对MERSI偏振辐射特性的反演。实验分析了MERSI在特定波段的偏振辐射特性,发现其偏振度随着卫星天顶角的变化呈现不对称分布,反射率误差随着卫星天顶角及偏振度的变化基本比较稳定;分析了MERSI在不同观测几何、风速风向下偏振敏感性的变化规律。     

Photocatalytic Z-scheme Overall Water Splitting: Insight into Different Optimization Strategies for Powder Suspension and Particulate Sheet Systems

Achieving solar light-driven photocatalytic overall water splitting is the ideal and ultimate goal for solving energy and environment issues. Photocatalytic Z-scheme overall water splitting has undergone considerable development in recent years; specific approaches include a powder suspension Z-scheme system with a redox shuttle and a particulate sheet Z-scheme system. Of these, a particulate sheet has achieved a benchmark solar-to-hydrogen efficiency exceeding 1.1 %. Nevertheless, owing to intrinsic differences in the components, structure, operating environment, and charge transfer mechanism, there are several differences between the optimization strategies for a powder suspension and particulate sheet Z-scheme. Unlike a powder suspension Z-scheme with a redox shuttle, the particulate sheet Z-scheme system is more like a miniaturized and parallel p/n photoelectrochemical cell. In this review, we summarize the optimization strategies for a powder suspension Z-scheme with a redox shuttle and particulate sheet Z-scheme. In particular, attention has been focused on choosing appropriate redox shuttle and electron mediator, facilitating the redox shuttle cycle, avoiding redox mediator-induced side reactions, and constructing a particulate sheet. Challenges and prospects in the development of efficient Z-scheme overall water splitting are also briefly discussed.