一种具有氟碳骨架的阴离子交换膜的制备

本文报导了以全氟羧酸阳离子交称膜为起始原料,通过化学转变,合成由四氟乙烯骨架和具有季铵基末端基侧链组成的全氟阴离子交换膜的过程。膜的转变先后经历了酯化,酞胺化、胺化等数步反应,最终合成了末端基为季铵基氯型的阴离子膜。各步反应的中间产物和最终产物由红外光谱和元素分析结果得到鉴定,并由元素分析结果计算各步反应的转化率,各步反应的中间产物及最终产物都具有良好热稳定性。     

产酸克氏杆菌1,3-丙二醇发酵液中2,3-丁二醇的定性和定量分析

产酸克氏杆菌(Klebsiella oxytoca)在厌氧和微好氧条件下均可以发酵甘油产生1,3-丙二醇。相对于厌氧发酵液,在微好氧发酵液的高效液相色谱图中出现两个未知物峰。对微好氧发酵液进行离心,脱盐和蒸馏处理,以两未知物质为主要成分的馏分通过气相色谱-质谱联机分析显示两种未知物质均为2,3-丁二醇,通过气相色谱和高效液相色谱分析确定两未知物质分别为meso-2,3-丁二醇和L-( )-2,3-丁二醇。建立了用HPLC法对meso-2,3-丁二醇和L-( )-2,3-丁二醇进行外标定量的测定方法,在标准品浓度100~1200mg/L范围内,meso-2,3-丁二醇线性方程为y=7×10-6x,r=0.9991;L-( )-2,3-丁二醇线性方程为y=7×10-6x,r=0.9998。在发酵液样品中meso-2,3-丁二醇的回收率为99.67%;相对标准偏差RSD为0.35%,L-( )-2,3-丁二醇的回收率为99.89%;相对标准偏差RSD为0.09%。     

含氟β-氨基酸及其衍生物的合成进展

含氟β-氨基酸及其衍生物具有特殊的生理活性, 其合成方法的研究近年来受到广泛关注. 以直接氟化法和间接氟化法分类, 概述了含氟β-氨基酸及其衍生物的合成方法及最新研究进展, 对一些已知化合物的生理活性及药用价值作了初步归纳.     

High-Pressure Phase Transition in CTAB-Micellar Solutions： A Raman Spectroscopic Study

We use a diamond anvil cell for the first time to investigate the Raman spectra of an aqueous micellar solution of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） at pressures up to 3.85 GPa. The pressure-induced phase transition between the micellar and coagel phases is found to occur at 0.64 GPa and 60℃. This phase transition has a pressure hysteresis, and thus exhibits the first-order phase transition properties. Further experimental results show that although the structure of the coagel phase is similar to that of the CTAB crystal, the interchain distance is slightly larger in the coagel phase than that in the CTAB crystal.     

High-Pressure Phase Transition in Cyclo-octane

Structural behaviour of cyclo-octane under high pressure is studied by using a synchrotron x-ray source in a diamond anvil cell （DAC） up to 40.2 GPa at room temperature. The cyclo-octane firstly solidifies to the triclinic phase at 0.87 GPa. With the increasing pressure, the phase of cyclo-octane changes to the tetragonal phase at about 6.0 GPa and then transforms to amorphous phase above 18.2 GPa, which is kept till to 40.2 GPa. All the phase transitions of cyclo-octane are irreversible.     

Ag(Ⅰ)/(~nC_7H_(15))_4NBr催化氨基甲酸盐和炔丙醇反应:二氧化碳定量转化制备β-羰基氨基甲酸酯

将一种简单的双组分催化体系即Ag(Ⅰ)/(~nC_7H_(15))_4NBr应用于常压下催化氨基甲酸盐和炔丙醇双组分反应制备β-羰基氨基甲酸酯。该方法具有简便、高效的优点,并且不需要使用配体,可以将一系列的炔丙醇和仲胺底物转化为相应的氨基甲酸酯产物。该方法通过CO_2的定量催化转化,提高了CO2的利用效率。     

纳米ZnO墨水的溶剂及浓度优化及其在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用

纳米金属Zn O作为界面缓冲材料能够有效提高基于有机金属卤化物-甲基碘化铵的钙钛矿(PVSK)太阳能电池的水氧稳定性,是溶液制备高稳定性钙钛矿太阳能电池的一个关键技术。而在器件的制备过程中,Zn O分散溶剂的渗透可能导致下层钙钛矿薄膜的结构物性发生变化,从而对器件性能造成显著的影响。为解决该问题,本文详细分析了不同极性有机溶剂对Zn O分散性的影响,研究了不同溶剂对PVSK/PCBM薄膜的吸收光谱和晶体结构的影响,最终获得了甲醇-正丁醇混合溶剂的体积比为1∶1、Zn O质量浓度为10 mg·m L-1的优化分散体系,为进一步开展全溶液法制备钙钛矿太阳能电池提供了重要指导。     

含有酰亚胺结构单元的氮杂和硫杂稠五环分子的合成与性能研究

设计合成了含有酰亚胺结构单元的氮杂和硫杂稠五环共轭分子1和2, 并对它们的物理化学性质进行了研究. 实验结果显示酰亚胺基团的引入不仅使得分子具有良好的溶解性, 而且有效地降低分子的HOMO和LUMO能级. 化合物1的单晶结构显示其共轭核具有良好的平面性. 单晶中, 化合物1通过强的π-π相互作用形成二聚体, 二聚体之间存在强的氢键相互作用. 基于化合物2的薄膜场效应晶体管表现出p-型场效应晶体管行为, 其最高迁移率为2.75×10^-3 cm²·V^-1·s^-1.     

Prediction of Superhard BN2 with High Energy Density

Considering that pressure-induced formation of short,strong covalent bonds in light-element compounds can produce superhard materials,we employ structure searching and first-principles calculations to predict a new class of boron nitrides with a stoichiometry of BN₂,which are stable relative to alpha-B and alpha-N₂ at ambient pressure.At ambient pressure,the most stable phase has a layered structure(h-BN₂) containing hexagonal BN layers between which there are intercalated N₂ molecules.At 25 GPa,a three-dimensional P4₂/mmc structure with single N-N bonds becomes the most stable.Dynamical,thermal,and mechanical stability calculations reveal that this structure can be recovered under ambient conditions.Its calculated stress-strain relations demonstrate an intrinsic superhard nature with an estimated Vickers hardness of ~43 GPa.This structure has a potentially high energy density of ~4.19 kJ/g.     

Metal-Element-Incorporation Induced Superconducting Hydrogen Clathrate Structure at High Pressure

The recent observation of high critical temperature T_c in lanthanum and Yttrium hydrides confirms the key role of hydrogen cage(H-cage)in determining high superconductivity.Here,we present a new class of metastable H₁₂ clathrate structures based on the icosahedral cI 24-Na that can be stabilized by incorporation of metal elements.Analysis shows that the charge transfer from metal atoms to H atoms contributes to forming the H₁₂ clathrate.Nine dynamically stable structures are identified to exhibit superconductivity,and a maximum T_c of 28K is found in voids-doped Mo₆H₂₄.Calculations reveal that the low T_c is attributed to the weak interaction between H atoms in each cage due to the long H–H distance.The current results provide a possible route to design H-cage containing superconductors.