关于动力学与热力学问题的讨论

本文应用松弛法动力学与不可逆过程热力学方法讨论一般的化学反应ａＡ +ｂＢ +…ｇＧ +ｈＨ +… ,使动力学与热力学一致性讨论适用于任一化学反应体系 ,同时表明这种处理方法具普遍性。　　设有如下的一般反应 :　　　ａＡ +ｂＢ +… ｋ1ｋ-1ｇＧ +ｈＨ +…　　ｋ1、ｋ-1分别为正逆反应的速率常数 ,设Ａ、Ｂ、Ｇ、Ｈ…的反应级数分别为α、β、ν、δ… ,　　则此反应的速率方程为 :　　　 1ａｄｃＡｄｔ=1ｂｄｃＢｄｔ=-ｋ1ｃαＡｃβＢ… +ｋ-1ｃνＧｃδＨ… (1 )　　　1ｇｄｃＧｄｔ=1ｈｄｃＨｄｔ=ｋ1ｃαＡｃβＢ… -ｋ-1ｃνＧｃδＨ…     

K3Na5(H2NCH2CH2NH3)2{(VO)12O6[B3O6(OH)]6}(H2O)•12H2O的合成与晶体结构

利用水热合成技术成功制备出一种新型多钒硼氧化合物， 用X射线单晶衍射分析技术对其晶体结构和分子结构进行了确定。结果表明在该化合物中多钒硼氧阴离子具有一个新颖的三明治结构。上下两个结构单元都是由六个VO₅四角锥交替地通过顺式和反式共边的方式连接起来构成的一个钒氧三角形结构。中间的结构单元是由BO₃平面三角形和BO₄四面体以共角的方式相互连接形成的一个折叠型的B₁₈O₃₆(OH)₆环。三明治结构中层与层之间通过桥氧相连。一个水分子处于它的核心位置上，与每个VO₅四角锥中的钒原子都保持几乎相等的距离。该化合物及其晶体中存在着丰富的化学结构和成键信息，同时也有作为氧化还原反应催化剂的潜能。     

Promotion of Ionic Liquid to Dimethyl Carbonate Synthesis from Methanol and Carbcn Dioxide

Promotion of ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (emimBr), to the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from methanol and carbon dioxide in the presence of potassium carbonate and less amount of methyl iodide under mild conditions was investigated. The results showed that the high selectivity and raised yield of DMC was achieved due to the addition of emimBr in the reaction system. And effect of several reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure and amount of emimBr was discussed.     

以Schiff碱为阳离子的新型离子液体的制备与表征

Two novel ionic liquids, N,N＇-disalicylideneethylenediaminium acetate and N,N＇-disalicylideneethylenediaminium trifluoroacetate, were prepared and characterized by IR, ^1H NMR, DTA-TG and elemental analysis. The experimental results indicate that the new ionic liquids possess lower melting point and higher electrical conductivity. It is noteworthy that the ionic liquids reported herein are the first member of the ionic liquid family with the Schiff base functional group in the cation.     

A Novel Category of Ionic Liquids Based on Diacetone Acrylamide Cation and Their Use as Esterification Catalysts

A novel category of salts based on diacetone acrylamide cation （DA^＋） and the anions such as acetate （Ac^-）, trifluoroacetate （TF^-）, tetrafluoroborate （BF^-）, hexafluorophosphate （PF^-）, sulfate （SO^-） and chloride （Cl^-） were synthesized by usual neutralization of acids and bases at room temperature and characterized by IR, ^1H NMR and elemental analysis （EA）. The results show that these compounds possess the characteristic of ionic liquids. In addition, four of them, DABF, DACl, DASO and DAPF, were efficient catalysts for esterication of acetic acid with C1-C6 alcohols and octanol.     

双丙酮丙烯酰胺为阳离子的新型离子液体及其在酯化反应中的应用

本文通过酸碱在室温下的中和反应合成了以双丙酮丙烯酰胺为阳离子，乙酸根、三氟乙酸根、四氟硼酸根、六氟磷酸根、硫酸根与氯离子为阴离子的六种盐，用IR, ¹H NMR 和元素分析对其进行了表征。研究结果表明，这六种新的化合物具有离子液体的特征，并且其中四种盐是C1-C6及辛醇与乙酸进行酯化反应的高效催化剂。     

松弛法动力学与热力学的一致性讨论

对于快速反应的动力学,我们通常用如下三种方法来讨论:改进经典法、流动法和松弛法。其中最有效的是松弛法,此方法可将时间范围缩至10~(-9)s。将处于平衡态的反应体系施加一微扰(如突然改变温度、压力和电场强度等因素),使平衡遭到破坏,此时虽然各物质浓度未变但平衡位置发生了变化,则体系必向新     

新型乙醇胺型离子液体的合成与表征

由乙醇胺,二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺提供阳离子,由有机酸(甲酸,乙酸和丙酸)提供阴离子,合成了8种新型乙醇胺型离子液体,其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征.熔点、电导率等测定结果表明,他们均具有离子液体的特征.     

Promotion of Ionic Liquid to Dimethyl Carbonate Synthesis from Methanol and Carbon Dioxide

Introduction Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an important carbon-ylating and methylating agent substituting dimethyl sul-fate and toxic phosgene, and an intermediate for higher carbonates and carbamates.1 In addition, it is also a promising octane enhancer.2 The widely used method of its preparation is the oxidative carbonylation of metha-nol by carbon monoxide with copper(II) or palladium(II) catalysts.3 Recently, the utilization of carbon dioxide as the raw material for DMC synthesis has bee…