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排序方式: 共有67条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A comparison of the efficiency of the bottom samplers used in benthic studies off Cochin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The efficiency of the van Veen and Foerst Petersen grabs used in sampling the bottom fauna near the Cochin Harbour area has been compared in two selected stations having different hydrographic and substratic conditions. The results indicate that the heavier grab is generally more efficient than a lighter one, especially when the substratum is sandy. An examination of the quantity of the sediment and the total number of species brought by the two grabs showed that the design of the van Veen is superior to the Petersen type grab used in the present study. However, due to the highly patchy distribution of the organisms the superiority of the van Veen was less evident when a comparison was made of the total number of animals sampled by the two grabs. When the distribution is bunched it is suggested that samples are drawn, as far as possible, from the same sampling position. The grabs should also be of the same weight and biting area. 相似文献
2.
Kaushik Lav Kumar Mahalingam Arun Kumar Palanisamy Muthukumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):12168-12177
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this paper, the combustion characteristics of biogas in a Porous Radiant Burner (PRBBG) designed for domestic cooking appliances are presented.... 相似文献
3.
The need for transparency is taking more prominence in international climate negotiations as developed countries pledge large sums of money to foster adaptation efforts in developing countries. Tools that provide accurate and up-to-date spatial information that can be easily used and vetted by local practitioners may provide effective and affordable ways to improve transparency. The Global Adaptation Atlas is such a tool, combining vetted, publicly available climate impact data with timely maps of on the ground adaptation projects to highlight confluences of effects of climate change with actions taken to address those effects. Here, we describe the structure and general functions of the Global Adaptation Atlas and explain how it may be utilized to track short-term investments in adaptation. Over longer time scales, it may also help gauge the effectiveness of specific adaptation investments as well as reveal how different climate impacts affect long-term investment in differing regions. 相似文献
4.
Laluraj CM Krishnan KP Thamban M Mohan R Naik SS D'Souza W Ravindra R Chaturvedi A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,149(1-4):377-383
The scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopic (SEM-EDS) study of selected samples from an ice core collected from Central Dronning Maud Land (CDML), East Antarctica, revealed several microparticles. They are mainly siliceous and carbonaceous particles and have distinct variations in their shape and composition. The morphology and major element chemistry of the particles suggest their origin from either volcanic eruptions or continental dust. The EDS analysis revealed that the volcanic particles are enriched in silica (average SiO2 62%), compared to the continental dust particle (average SiO2 56%). We found that the tephra relating to Agung (1963) and Karkatau (1883) volcanic eruptions, as recorded, in the ice core harbored microbial cells (both coocoid and rods). The occurrence of organic and inorganic particles which bear relation to volcanic eruption and continental dust implies significant environmental changes in the recent past. 相似文献
5.
Sivanandham Vignesh Hans-Uwe Dahms Kunnampuram Varghese Emmanuel Murugaiah Santhosh Gokul Krishnan Muthukumar Bong-Rae Kim Rathinam Arthur James 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(3):1875-1887
A total of 176 (water and sediment) samples from 22 stations belonging to four different (urban, semi-urban, rural, and holy places) human habitations of Tamil Nadu beaches were collected and analyzed for physiochemical and microbial parameters during 2008–2009. Bacterial counts were two- to tenfold higher in sediments than in water due to strong bacterial aggregations by dynamic flocculation and rich organic content. The elevated bacterial communities during the monsoon explain rainfalls and several other wastes from inlands. Coliform counts drastically increased at holy and urban places due to pilgrimage and other ritual activities. Higher values of the pollution index (PI) ratio (>1) reveals, human fecal pollutions affect the water quality. The averaged PI ratio shows a substantial higher microbial contamination in holy places than in urban areas and the order of decreasing PI ratios observed were: holy places?>?urban areas?>?semi-urban areas?>?rural areas. Correlation and factor analysis proves microbial communities were not related to physicochemical parameters. Principal component analysis indicates 55.32 % of the total variance resulted from human/animal fecal matters and sewage contaminants whereas 19.95 % were related to organic contents and waste materials from the rivers. More than 80 % of the samples showed a higher fecal coliform and Streptococci by crossing the World Health Organization's permissible limits. 相似文献
6.
7.
Excessive exploitation of and skewed access to dwindling water resources raise serious water justice concerns. Environmental justice movements and related literature have raised critical questions regarding the unequal distribution of the costs and benefits of a development paradigm that is founded on excessive exploitation and appropriation of natural resources. This paper explores the growing relevance of a water justice framework that addresses both the social and ecological aspects of water use and appropriation, with reference to a four-decade long water conflict over the Chaliyar River in Kerala, South India. It highlights how ecosystem degradation and denial of justice go hand in hand. The paper argues that the framing and articulation of the conflict in a partisan manner led to the glossing over of certain critical features, thus preventing a full view of water injustices. It also failed to inform subsequent policies and practices in this regard. 相似文献
8.
Arjunan Babuponnusami Karuppan Muthukumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1596-1605
This study presents the degradation of phenol by the photoelectro-Fenton method using nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol–alginate beads. The effect of nZVI loading, H2O2 concentration, pH, and initial phenol concentration on phenol degradation and chemical oxygen demand reduction was studied. The scanning electron microscope images of the nZVI beads were used to analyze their morphology, and their diameters were in the range of 500–600 μm. The concentration of nZVI in the beads was varied from 0.1 to 0.6 g/L. Fe2+ leakage of 1 and 3 % was observed with 0.5 and 0.6 g/L of nZVI, respectively, and the observed beads' fracture frequency was 2 %, which confirmed the stability of the beads. The optimum operating conditions that arrived for better degradation were 0.5 g/L of nZVI, pH 6.2, and 400 mg H2O2/L. The treatment of effluent by this method increased the biodegradability index of the effluent, and the degradation data were found to follow pseudo first-order kinetics. 相似文献
9.
MTBE oxidation byproducts from the treatment of surface waters by ozonation and UV-ozonation 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In recent years, there has been considerable concern over the release of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a gasoline additive, into the aquifers used as potable water sources. MTBE readily dissolves in water and has entered the environment via gasoline spills and leaking storage tanks. In this paper, we investigate ozonation and UV-ozonation for treatment of MTBE in contaminated drinking water sources. We report the test protocol and results of using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to determine the level of MTBE and its oxidation byproducts in samples drawn from laboratory-scale ozone and UV-ozone reactors being evaluated at a US EPA research facility. Analysis of a prepared MTBE standard indicated a detection limit on the order of 0.1 microgl(-1) with a repeatability of +/-0.4%. Results show that the overall rate of removal of MTBE via UV-ozonation in a relatively turbid surface water (15 ntu) is twice that of ozonation alone. In addition, GC-MS analysis of decomposition products showed that tert-butyl formate (TBF), methyl acetate, butene, acetone, and acetaldehyde were produced by both processes. TBF and butene reach similar maximum yields from the two processes, but are more efficiently degraded by UV-ozonation treatment. This indicates that these treatment processes also degrade these byproducts. In contrast, the remaining byproducts (methyl acetate, acetone, and acetaldehyde) are formed at similar levels during treatment, but are not degraded once formed. These byproducts may be resistant to hydrogen abstraction by hydroxyl radical. 相似文献
10.
Venkatesan Hariram Rose Godwin John John Vijayarengan Preethi Sivamani Seralathan Krishnan Jagannathan Thomai Micha Premkumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(45):63464-63479
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biodiesel is one among the recent developments in the field of renewable energy research. To enhance the combustion characteristics of compression... 相似文献