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Xuehe Lu Xiuying Zhang Jinxun Liu Zhen Zhang JiaXin Jin 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(24):8893-8906
Global nitrogen deposition has increased over the past 100 years. Monitoring and simulation studies of nitrogen deposition have evaluated nitrogen deposition at both the global and regional scale. With the development of remote-sensing instruments, tropospheric NO2 column density retrieved from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) and Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) sensors now provides us with a new opportunity to understand changes in reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere. The concentration of NO2 in the atmosphere has a significant effect on atmospheric nitrogen deposition. According to the general nitrogen deposition calculation method, we use the principal component regression method to evaluate global nitrogen deposition based on global NO2 column density and meteorological data. From the accuracy of the simulation, about 70% of the land area of the Earth passed a significance test of regression. In addition, NO2 column density has a significant influence on regression results over 44% of global land. The simulated results show that global average nitrogen deposition was 0.34 g m?2 yr?1 from 1996 to 2009 and is increasing at about 1% per year. Our simulated results show that China, Europe, and the USA are the three hotspots of nitrogen deposition according to previous research findings. In this study, Southern Asia was found to be another hotspot of nitrogen deposition (about 1.58 g m?2 yr?1 and maintaining a high growth rate). As nitrogen deposition increases, the number of regions threatened by high nitrogen deposits is also increasing. With N emissions continuing to increase in the future, areas whose ecosystem is affected by high level nitrogen deposition will increase. 相似文献
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以铜、聚氯乙烯作为正、负摩擦材料制备基于独立层工作模式的胶囊型摩擦纳米发电机,实现周期性外力作用下电能的输出。设计制备湿度可控测试系统,研究湿度对摩擦纳米发电机输出性能的影响,通过优化摩擦纳米发电机工作环境湿度增强器件电能输出。实验表明:工作环境湿度可以显著影响摩擦纳米发电机的输出性能,随着相对湿度从10%提高到33%时,铜/聚氯乙烯基摩擦纳米发电机输出开路电压、短路电流、转移电荷随相对湿度的增大单调上升;当相对湿度为33%时,摩擦纳米发电机的输出开路电压、短路电流、转移电荷分别达到287 V、8.2μA、315 nC,分别是相对湿度为10%情况下输出的8.1倍、9.3倍、8.1倍;当相对湿度大于33%时,摩擦纳米发电机输出呈单调下降趋势。 相似文献
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Jie JianShu Weng MouYi Li ShunNing Chen Dong Li ShuCheng Xiao WeiJi Zheng JiaXin Pan Feng Wang LinWang 《中国科学:技术科学(英文版)》2019,62(8):1423-1430
Science China Technological Sciences - Recently, many high-throughput calculation materials databases have been constructed and found wide applications. However, a database is only useful if its... 相似文献
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Size and weight limitations mean that ordinary railway vehicles with two double-axle bogies cannot deliver some extremely heavy cargo and products. Thus, a newly designed high-speed freight electric multiple unit(EMU) equipped with two bogie groups each with two double-axle bogies connected by a transition frame is an alternative means of transporting heavy products because of its greater load capacity. However, because it is still in the design stage, its dynamic performance is yet to be researched, something that is urgently required because of the more-complicated structure and more-intensive wheel-rail interactions than those of traditional high-speed railway vehicles. Therefore, to reveal the dynamic performance, this study establishes a three-dimensional dynamic model of a trailer vehicle in a high-speed freight EMU equipped with four double-axle bogies based on the classical theory of vehicle-track coupled dynamics. In this dynamic model, the vertical, horizontal, rolling,pitching, and yaw motions of the major components excited by random irregularities in the track geometry are considered fully.The results indicate that the derailment coefficient and stability index of this vehicle are both at excellent levels for the simulated conditions. The wheel unloading ratio appears to be larger but still within the safety range when the vehicle runs in a straight line,but it is close to or can even exceed the limit value when the vehicle runs at 400 km/h on a specified curved line. 相似文献
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Tenger 《中国科学:技术科学(英文版)》2011,(8)
Evaluating the pre-Jurassic marine source rocks in China has been difficult because these rocks are generally too highor over-maturated for most traditional methods to work.As to the remaining parameter TOC (%),its lower limit for recognizing the carbonate source rocks in China has been in dispute.Nineteen Phanerozoic sections in the Middle-Upper Yangtze Platform and the Guizhou-Hunan-Guangxi Basin have been studied in search for a different approach to complementing the traditional evaluation method for th... 相似文献
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Xuehe Lu Xiuying Zhang Jinxun Liu JiaXin Jin 《International journal of remote sensing》2016,37(20):4964-4978
Owing to human activity, global nitrogen (N) cycles have been altered. In the past 100 years, global N deposition has increased. Currently, the monitoring and estimating of N deposition and the evaluation of its effects on global carbon budgets are the focus of many researchers. NO2 columns retrieved by space-borne sensors provide us with a new way of exploring global N cycles and these have the ability to estimate N deposition. However, the time range limitation of NO2 columns makes the estimation of long timescale N deposition difficult. In this study we used ground-based NOx emission data to expand the density of NO2 columns, and 40 years of N deposition (1970–2009) was inverted using the multivariate linear model with expanded NO2 columns. The dynamic of N deposition was examined in both global and biome scales. The results show that the average N deposition was 0.34 g N m–2 year–1 in the 2000s, which was an increase of 38.4% compared with the 1970s’. The total N deposition in different biomes is unbalanced. N deposition is only 38.0% of the global total in forest biomes; this is made up of 25.9%, 11.3, and 0.7% in tropical, temperate, and boreal forests, respectively. As N-limited biomes, there was little increase of N deposition in boreal forests. However, N deposition has increased by a total of 59.6% in tropical forests and croplands, which are N-rich biomes. Such characteristics may influence the effects on global carbon budgets. 相似文献
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