利用降水平均递增率求山地最大降水高度

本文引入降水平均递增率的概念,改进了文献中的计算方法,可以一次求出山地降水量与海拔的经验关系式中全部参数的最佳值,其中包括山地最大降水高度。并用实例说明了本法的步骤及特点。     

不同树龄桐花树茎上白条地藤壶分布特征的研究

研究了广西英罗港红树林区向海林带不同树龄的桐花树茎上白条地藤壶的分布特征。结果表明，白条地藤壶在茎上的附着高度（h)随树龄和树高增大而增大。在最大树龄17龄植株上平均达到182cm，此高度为潮高约512cm海水才能浸及，在一年中约有将近90％的时间暴露在空气中。附着高度（h)与树高（H）比值h/H以5龄树最大，达91．9％。树层最大密度达46600Ind/m^2，最小为172Ind/m^2。在同一树龄的不同树层，密度表现为先随树高增大逐渐增大，达到最大密度后又下降。在不同树龄的同一树层，密度高低变化，分布一般出现多个峰。白条地藤壶最适宜附着和生长在桐花树茎上100－120cm树层（浸及此树层的海水潮高约为430－450cm)。树层最大生物量为1719．05g/m^2，最小为5．39g/m^2。生物量分布与密度的相似。     

观赏石的分类与审美

从观赏石是自然形成的具有观赏价值的石质艺术品这一认识出发，将观赏石分为造型石、图纹石、矿物晶体石、古生物化石、纪念石和特殊石６大类。又以观赏石的地域审美观为指导，从色泽、形态、图纹、质感、组合、使巧、命名和意境８个方面对观赏石的审美进行了探讨。     

电吸附找矿方法寻找隐伏金矿床的研究

电吸附找矿方法是指对采集的样品在室内特别装置中通电，并用吸附体吸附试样中电运移元素，通过这些元素所形成的异常来发现矿体的一种方法，该方法是依据野外地电提取方法的理论发展起来的，具有设备简单，成本低，工效效率高，工作条件及质量容易控制等优点。     

Geochemical Features of Ophiolite in Mianxian Lueyang Suture Zone，Qinling Orogenic Belt

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P-T Paths Derived from Garnet Growth Zoning in Danba Domal Metamorphic Terrain, Sichuan Province, West China

Danba (丹巴) domal metamorphic terrain belongs to Songpan (松潘)-Ganze (甘孜) orogenic belt, where typical Barrovian and Buchan metamorphic zones are preserved. The former included chlorite, biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite and sillimanite zones, while the latter only developed silimanite+muscovite and sillimanite+K-feldspar zones. Integrated study has been carried on metamorphic reactions of garnet production and consumption, P-T paths and P-T-X-M phase relation and thermal tectonic model for Danba metamorphic zones. Petrological textures in thin sections show that garnet production and consumption in kyanite-sillimanite zone is mainly attributed to ChI+Ms+PI+Q=Grt+Bt+H2O and kyanite=sillimanite respectively. Based on mineral compositions, the geothermobarometry gives an average P, T condition of (4.9±0.3)×108 Pa, 543±30℃ for the first growth stage of the garnet and (5.8±0.3)±108 Pa, 534±29 ℃ for the second stage of garnet growth respectively. Anti-counter clockwise P-T paths were drawn using Gibbs method by NCMnKFMASH system for sample G98686 in the kyanite zone. The P-T-X-M modeling for the first mineral assemblages shows that the prediction is similar to the measured values in gossular, almandine and spessartine but mole fraction of pyrope and Fe/(Fe+Mg) deviated far from the contours; while that for the second mineral assemblages exhibits that the prediction is consistent with the measured value of pyrope, grossular content and Fe/(Fe+Mg) of garnet. A thermal tectonic model that there are at least three structure levels across the thrnst-decollement zones is presented according to the P-T paths, metamorphic grades and deformation styles for the staurolite-kyanite zone of the Barroviau type metamorphism, which will provide some constraints for the evolution of the nappe complex.     

水--煤层气两相流体在煤层中的渗流规律

采用煤体承受有效应力、水-气混合流动及固一流相互作用的基本原理，建立了煤层气开采过程中水-煤层气两相流渗的基本方程，通过自行设计的实验装置，测定了煤层中水-煤层气共同流动时的两相流体的流量，渗透率及随水的饱和度变化关系，并据此模拟出了反映水-煤层气渗透基本规律，从而为煤层气开采提供了理论基础。     

古代生物分子在第四纪研究中的应用

从第四纪化石和沉积物中获得的古代生物分子为第四纪研究者提供了丰富和独特的有关古代生物、遗传和古环境信息的定量和高分辨率的数据.过去10多年的研究证实来自第四纪材料中的各种古代生物分子的分离、鉴定和应用的能力在不断增加.文章总结了古代生物分子在第四纪研究中的最新进展,主要包括以下几个方面的内容:1)不同类型的古代生物分子在地质体中的保存和降解;2)古DNA和古蛋白序列中的生物遗传学信息;3)单体分子同位素与第四纪古环境和古气候研究;4)建于古代生物分子水平上的第四纪年代学.作者预见对第四纪地层中的原位和分散保存的古代生物分子的研究将在广度上以多分子综合研究而深度上与单体分子同位素技术相结合,为第四纪科学家们提供大量解决地质学和演化生物学问题的高精度数据.随着地球化学和分子生物学技术的不断改进以及人们对古代生物分子的降解过程和机制的进一步理解,对古代生物分子的研究无疑将进一步促进和推动第四纪科学研究的发展.     

School vulnerability to disaster: examination of school closure,demographic, and exposure factors in Hurricane Ike’s wind swath

Damage and destruction to schools from climate-related disasters can have significant and lasting impacts on curriculum and educational programs, educational attainment, and future income-earning potential of affected students. As such, assessing the potential impact of hazards is crucial to the ability of individuals, households, and communities to respond to natural disasters, extreme events, and economic crises. Yet, few studies have focused on assessing the vulnerability of schools in coastal regions of the USA. Using Hurricane Ike’s tropical storm wind swath in the State of Texas as our study area, we: (1) assessed the spatial distribution patterns of school closures and (2) tested the relationship between school closure and vulnerability factors (namely physical exposure and school demographics) using zero-inflated negative binomial regression models. The regression results show that higher probabilities of hurricane strikes, more urbanized school districts, and school districts located in coastal counties on the right side of Ike’s path have significant positive associations with an increase in the number of school closure days. Socioeconomic characteristics were not significantly associated with the number of days closed, with the exception of proportion of Hispanic youth in schools, a result which is not supported by the social vulnerability literature. At a practical level, understanding how hurricanes may adversely impact schools is important for developing appropriate preparedness, mitigation, recovery, and adaptation strategies. For example, school districts on the right side of the hurricane track can plan in advance for potential damage and destruction. The ability of a community to respond to future natural disasters, extreme events, and economic crises depends in part on mitigating these adverse effects.