山区地质灾害与建房选址

随着人类工程活动的增加,山区地质灾害频发,危害越来越严重,直接影响了当地社会经济的持续健康发展。根据山区地质灾害的特点,作者分析了地质灾害频发的原因主要是人类工程活动同时,山区居民住房选址存在很大的随意性,甚至选择在地质灾害易于发生的危险地段。结合目前山区建房用地存在的实际情况,提出了防范山区地质灾害的具体建议,对新农村建设选址应当进行地质灾害危险性评估工作;加强山区地质灾害防治知识的宣传普及教育,建房谨慎选址;采取一定的工程治理措施消除地质灾害隐患,尽最大可能避免或者减轻地质灾害所造成的损失。     

Plastic ingestion by planktivorous fishes in the North Pacific Central Gyre

A significant amount of marine debris has accumulated in the North Pacific Central Gyre (NPCG). The effects on larger marine organisms have been documented through cases of entanglement and ingestion; however, little is known about the effects on lower trophic level marine organisms. This study is the first to document ingestion and quantify the amount of plastic found in the gut of common planktivorous fish in the NPCG. From February 11 to 14, 2008, 11 neuston samples were collected by manta trawl in the NPCG. Plastic from each trawl and fish stomach was counted and weighed and categorized by type, size class and color. Approximately 35% of the fish studied had ingested plastic, averaging 2.1 pieces per fish. Additional studies are needed to determine the residence time of ingested plastics and their effects on fish health and the food chain implications.     

内华达大盆地中第三纪卡林型矿化与黄石公园古热点有关吗？

提出在４３￣３４Ｍａ期间发生的岩浆作用、张性构造以及集中于内华达大盆地的金矿化与黄石古热眯的演化之间存在的成因联系。该模式与新生代的区域构造相吻合,并提出了始新世一渐新世岩浆事件与卡林型金矿之间在空间上一致的一种可能解释。这些特点集中体现于大盆地的Ｂａｔｔｌｅ山区,并与推测的４０￣３０Ｍａ以来黄石热点的位置恰好重合。黄石公园热点可能是一个起源于核幔边界的地幔柱,核幔边界被认为是一个异常富集金及与金     

地下水资源保护的立法研究

我国许多地方因过度开采利用地下水、地下采矿疏干排泄地下水而引发了多种地质灾害,同时,地下水污染趋势愈演愈烈,导致了大范围地下水环境恶化,已经到了威胁人类生存和危害社会公共安全的程度,亟待加强地下水资源保护,改善生态环境已经刻不容缓.分析了造成地下水环境恶化的主要原因,地下水资源保护管理中存在的操作难问题,提出了地下水资源保护立法的核心内容和基本思路,进一步完善地下水资源保护的立法、执法,科学管理和保护地下水资源,促进地下水资源利用的良性循环.     

Organochlorine pesticide residues in sediments and biota from the coastal area of Dar es Salaam city,Tanzania

Sediment and biota samples were collected from Msimbazi and Kizinga rivers and from the coastal marine environment of Dar es Salaam during both dry and wet seasons. The samples were analyzed for various organochlorine pesticide residues using GC-ECD and GC-MS. Dieldrin, p,p^′-DDT, p,p^′-DDE, p,p^′-DDD, o,p^′-DDT and γ-HCH were detected at significantly greater concentrations above the method detection limits. Recoveries of pesticide residues ranged 86.5–120% in sediments and 62–102% in biota. The average concentrations of total DDT in sediments for the two seasons were almost the same. Biota samples showed significant difference in levels of residues depending on mode of feeding and age of analyzed biota. p,p^′-DDT to total DDT ratios in all matrices indicated recent use of DDT. The levels of residues in sediments suggest possible adverse effects to humans consuming biota that are directly exposed to the sediments. This effect, which is associated with bio-concentration of residues in the tissues of edible aquatic biota, should not affect wildlife. In spite of concern on the adverse effect to humans posed by pesticide residues in sediments, edible biota from the examined water bodies were found to be safe for human consumption.     

滁州市矿山地质环境现状及保护治理对策

滁州市地处皖东,地跨长江、淮河两大流域,全市工业化发展迅速,矿业在该市经济社会发展中占有重要地位。通过对滁州市矿产资源特点的叙述,结合矿产资源的开采利用现状和已经产生的矿山地质环境问题、治理方式和效果,指出了滁州市矿山地质环境保护困难的主要原因是:矿山地质环境保护意识淡薄、矿产资源开发与地质环境保护不协调、监察执法难以到位和历史遗留问题难以解决等,提出了滁州市矿山地质环境保护与恢复治理的具体对策。     

皖东某建设工程地质灾害危险性分析

位于皖东某地的一项建设工程,是当地集中用地面积最大的建设项目之一,由于建设场地原为一处废弃的采石场,地跨低山丘陵和山前坡岗地,地形高差大,断层较发育,地质条件比较复杂,人类工程活动比较强烈,存在较大的地质灾害隐患。作者根据建设场地所处的地形、地质条件和人类工程活动,认为现有的人工岩质边坡基本处于不稳定状态,在断层交汇处附近地下很可能存在岩溶洞穴,分析了建设工程可能引发或遭受的地质灾害主要是崩塌、滑坡、岩溶塌陷、回填土不均匀沉陷和断裂活动的影响等类型,建议建设单位采取有效措施加以防范。