黄河三角洲桩西101站潮沟地貌形态及其水动力学研究

在潮沟下游，横跨且生趣与潮沟的横断面设了５个观测站，进行了２４ｈ的水动力测量。结果表明，涨落潮流速流向不对称，在潮沟内，涨落潮流流速差别很大，涨潮流流速最大为９ｃｍ／２，而落潮流流速最大可达３８ｃｍ／ｓ。据推测，潮沟内之所以落潮流流速明显大于涨潮流流速，可能是由于潮沟与岸线斜交有关。     

DGPS RTK技术在无验潮水下地形测量中的应用初探

本文简要介绍了DGPS RTK技术的基本原理和作业流程，阐明了该技术在无验潮水下地形测量中的适用性，并以除六泾水文大断面的测量为例介绍了利用该技术进行工程实测的过程，通过对实测数据成果的分析，得出一些有益的结论。     

汶川地震序列动态跟踪与甘肃震情动态判定的预报实践感悟

在汶川地震序列的动态跟踪与甘肃震情的动态判定过程中,本文作者成功地把握了甘肃震情、一定程度上把握了汶川地震序列的动态发展变化,并对5月18日四川江油发生的6.0级地震作出了成功预测。这一预测实践使本文作者更加深刻地感悟到,地震预报虽然是一个十分复杂的没有被攻克的世界性难题,但对于一个特定的地区,如果预报思路和方法得当,要实现一次乃至数次成功的预报是可能的。这对地球科学家们如何认识地震预报问题有一定的意义。     

面向对象的高分遥感影像信息提取技术研究

以World View-2高分遥感影像数据为例,采用规则集开发的模式进行地图要素提取,对主要制图要素图像进行了分割、分类试验,实现了多尺度分割的层次构建和制图地物要素分级分类。     

Research on mining-induced deformation and stress,insights from physical modeling and theoretical analysis

The dynamic change of mining-induced stress is the main reason for large deformation of surrounding rock. To investigate the influence of mining-induced stress and deformation is important for appropriate supportive design. It also helps to raise the safety and productivity of longwall mining operations. In this paper, Weijiagou Coal Mine in Southwest China was selected as the case study. In order to research on the deformation and breakage of overlying strata, physical modeling test was carried out on the self-developed rotatable physical similar test system. By using digital image correlation (DIC) technique, the deformation of strata and development of cracks in the process of coal seam excavation were acquired, meanwhile, mining-induced stress was also monitored by pressure cell and strainmeter. According to the mechanical structure of stope, the height of the destressed zone has a significant influence on stress distribution. In order to minimize the discrepancy between the physical model test and theoretical analysis, the dimension of the plastic zone of roadway was added into the mining panel width, and the gap between the experimental and theoretical results reduced.     

生态水文研究前沿问题及生态水文观测试验

自1987年Ingram HAP提出生态水文学概念以来,生态水文学得到了快速的发展。2007年,“生态水文学与环境可持续性”已成为UNESCO/IHP第7阶段计划的主题之一。回顾了生态水文学概念的变迁,综述了有关术语及其科学内涵,简要分析了水循环与生物地球化学循环、水文与生态系统相互作用、水文过程与生命过程耦合、绿水及其生态作用等方面关注的科学问题及其观测研究进展;介绍了黑河流域生态水文学研究的初步认识。     

CPI values of terrestrial higher plant-derived long-chain n-alkanes: a potential paleoclimatic proxy

Carbon Preference Index (CPI values) of higher plant-derived long-chain n-alkanes extracted from 62 surface soil samples in eastern China exhibited a specific pattern of variations, namely gradual increase with the increasing latitudes. Such regular variations existed in both forest soil and grassland soil. Our data implied that CPI values of higher plant-derived long-chain n-alkanes had a certain connection with climatic conditions, and such a connection was not influenced by vegetation types. Together with previous data from marine sediments, loess/paleosol sequences, tertiary red clay and modern plants, our observation made us conclude that CPI values of higher plant-derived long-chain n-alkanes may be used as an excellent proxy for paleoclimatic studies.     

人海河流河口及其近海水域盐度分析方法浅析

在水质监测及水环境调查中,盐度分析工作是一个重要环节,根据现行的<水质分析国家标准>,<海洋调查规范>,地表水及生活用水的盐度分析一般采用前者,而海洋水样则采用后者.对于长江口及其近海水域既有适用<水质分析国家标准>(TB11896-89)的区段,又有适用<海洋调查规范>的区域,亦有两者都不适用的部分.本文通过对长江口盐度分析方法的研究.阐述了该区域进行水样盐度分析的各种方法的适用范围及提高效率保证成果质量的办法.最后作者提出的人海河流河口及其近海水域盐度分析的方法是:按取样地点位于河口的具体位置来选择其分析方法.