For the diagnosis and prognosis of the problems of quality of life, a multidisciplinary ecosystemic approach encompasses four
dimensions of being-in-the-world, as donors and recipients: intimate, interactive, social and biophysical. Social, cultural
and environmental vulnerabilities are understood and dealt with, in different circumstances of space and time, as the conjugated
effect of all dimensions of being-in-the-world, as they induce the events (deficits and assets), cope with consequences (desired
or undesired) and contribute for change. Instead of fragmented and reduced representations of reality, diagnosis and prognosis
of cultural, educational, environmental and health problems considers the connections (assets) and ruptures (deficits) between
the different dimensions, providing a planning model to develop and evaluate research, teaching programmes, public policies
and field projects. The methodology is participatory, experiential and reflexive; heuristic-hermeneutic processes unveil cultural
and epistemic paradigms that orient subject-object relationships; giving people the opportunity to reflect on their own realities,
engage in new experiences and find new ways to live better in a better world. The proposal is a creative model for thought
and practice, providing many opportunities for discussion, debate and development of holistic projects integrating different
scientific domains (social sciences, psychology, education, philosophy, etc.).
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Abstract Floods are major natural disasters in Canada and worldwide. Although technology has reduced the flood hazard in many areas, the world death toll from floods in recent decades still has averaged 4680 per year. During the summer of 1993, flooding in the U.S.A. caused an estimated $12 billion damage. These statistics confirm that floods are a major natural disaster. This paper reviews the hydrometeorological aspects of the hazard associated with rainstorm, urban, ice‐jam, and snowmelt floods. The hazard element is highest for floods with rapid onsets such as rainstorm, urban, and ice‐jam floods. Although snowmelt floods are common throughout Canada, their slower onset times reduce their risk potential. To reduce the risk of the flood hazard, society must have access to statistical information for adequate planning and design, and forecasts for issuing warnings and implementing evacuation strategies. Flood design statistics and forecast models are discussed relative to each major flood type. The paper also describes historical flood frequency trends and discusses the implications of climatic warming for future floods. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of some knowledge gaps and research needs. 相似文献
Tropical cyclones are a major hazard for numerous countries surrounding the tropical-to-subtropical North Atlantic sub-basin including the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Their intense winds, which can exceed 300 km h−1, can cause serious damage, particularly along coastlines where the combined action of waves, currents and low atmospheric pressure leads to storm surge and coastal flooding. This work presents future projections of North Atlantic tropical cyclone-related wave climate. A new configuration of the ARPEGE-Climat global atmospheric model on a stretched grid reaching ~ 14 km resolution to the north-east of the eastern Caribbean is able to reproduce the distribution of tropical cyclone winds, including Category 5 hurricanes. Historical (1984–2013, 5 members) and future (2051–2080, 5 members) simulations with the IPCC RCP8.5 scenario are used to drive the MFWAM (Météo-France Wave Action Model) spectral wave model over the Atlantic basin during the hurricane season. An intermediate 50-km resolution grid is used to propagate mid-latitude swells into a higher 10-km resolution grid over the tropical cyclone main development region. Wave model performance is evaluated over the historical period with the ERA5 reanalysis and satellite altimetry data. Future projections exhibit a modest but widespread reduction in seasonal mean wave heights in response to weakening subtropical anticyclone, yet marked increases in tropical cyclone-related wind sea and extreme wave heights within a large region extending from the African coasts to the North American continent.
Abstract— An approximately 0.4 km diameter elliptical structure formed in Devonian granite in southwestern Nova Scotia, herein named the Bloody Creek structure (BCS), is identified as a possible impact crater. Evidence for an impact origin is based on integrated geomorphic, geophysical, and petrographic data. A near‐continuous geomorphic rim and a 10 m deep crater that is infilled with lacustrine sediments and peat define the BCS. Ground penetrating radar shows that the crater has a depressed inner floor that is sharply ringed by a 1 m high buried scarp. Heterogeneous material under the floor, interpreted as deposits from collapse of the transient cavity walls, is overlain by stratified and faulted lacustrine and wetland sediments. Alteration features found only in rim rocks include common grain comminution, polymict lithic microbreccias, kink‐banded feldspar and biotite, single and multiple sets of closely spaced planar microstructures (PMs) in quartz and feldspar, and quartz mosaicism, rare reduced mineral birefringence, and chlorite showing plastic deformation and flow microtextures. Based on their form and crystallographic orientations, the quartz PMs consist of planar deformation features that document shock‐metamorphic pressures ≤25 GPa. The age of the BCS is not determined. The low depth to diameter ratio of the crater, coupled with anomalously high shock‐metamorphic pressures recorded at its exposed rim, may be a result of significant post‐impact erosion. Alternatively, impact onto glacier ice during the waning stages of Wisconsinian deglaciation (about 12 ka BP) may have resulted in dissipation of much impact energy into the ice, resulting in the present morphology of the BCS. 相似文献