关于建设东营输油码头的探索

为了解决孤东外海原油生产的运输、加快浅海油田的开发，对拟建外海油码头进行了探索。认为如果浅海原油生产具有相应的规模，或短期内能形成一定的规模，则建设外海油码头的经济性是可行的，特别是社会效益比较可观。可以肯定，它的建设能为孤东、孤岛、河口等地和东营港的开发建设奠定良好的基础。     

LiMn_2O_4的溶胶─凝胶─酯化法合成及性能Ⅱ 立方尖晶石的形成及其形貌

以溶胶-凝胶-酯化法在220℃即可得到纯相的LixMn2O4（0.762＜x＜1.139）尖晶石粉体材料。它在880℃时发生立方相向四方相的转变：900℃－1000℃间,四方相渐变为正交相LiMnO2,过程中有Li2MnO3生成。应用SEM、TEM观测了材料的粘度及形貌,其粒度10－40nm,粒子间极易团聚成为1-206μm的团块。以BET法测其比表面为3.6m2／g。     

Effects of varying densities on serum reproductive parameters in pen-reared juvenile female rainbow trout <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis> farms

The primary goal of this study was to assess the effect of varying densities on serum reproductive parameters of immature rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Experimental trout were maintained in intensive, pen-reared farms for 300 days in fresh water reservoirs. Initial densities were 4.6, 6.6, and 8.6 kg/m³ (40, 60, 80 ind./m³), indicated as SD1, SD2, SD3, and final densities were 31.1, 40.6, 49.3 kg/m³, respectively. A summary of the ovarian stages were observed by histological examination. Serum E₂ (estradiol), T (testosterone) were evaluated by radioimmunoassay and FSH (follicle-stimulating-hormone), LH (luteinizing-hormone), vitellogenin, 17α,20β-P (17α,20βdihydroxy4-pregnen-3-one) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our findings demonstrated that ovarian development were retarded (from stage III to stage IV) at highest rearing density (SD3) after 180 days of intensive culture (over 40.6 kg/m³). In addition, we observed an inverse relationship between serum reproductive parameters and rearing density. Furthermore, compared to serum reproductive parameters of SD1, E₂, T, FSH, vitellogenin, 17α,20β-P, GSI and LH of two higher density groups decreased firstly and significantly at 60 (over 15.9 kg/m 3 ), 180 (over 31.7 kg/m 3 ), 180 (over 40.6 kg/m³), 240 (over 36 kg/m³), 240 (over 36 kg/m³), 240 (over 45 kg/m³) and 300 (over 49.3 kg/m³) days, respectively. Comparing serum reproductive parameters within the same ovarian development stage of rainbow trout from varying densities revealed that higher population density also led to significantly lower overall serum reproductive parameters. Overall, this study presents the reproductive, endocrinological parameters of juvenile female rainbow trout at high rearing densities and indicates the need for rainbow trout (114.44±5.21 g, 19.69±0.31 cm) that are initially stocked at 6.6 or 8.6 kg/m³ should be classified and subdivided into lower density after 180 days of farming (not over 31.7 kg/m³).     

吉林敦化臌囊薹草泥炭沼泽土壤甲烷产生速率和氧化速率

以地处长白山区的吉林省敦化市大石头镇东明林场臌囊薹草(Carex schmidtii)泥炭沼泽为研究对象,于2019年7月15日,采集臌囊薹草草丘、丘下和丘间0～10 cm、10～20 cm和20～30 cm深度的土壤样品,采用室内培养法,培养土壤样品,在连续培养的24 d中,从培养土壤样品的培养瓶中抽取气体样品,测定土壤甲烷的产生速率和氧化速率。研究结果表明,在实验的第24天,臌囊薹草草丘0～30 cm深度土壤的甲烷产生速率最大,为(156.55±83.37)μg/(g·d),在实验的第6小时,土壤甲烷氧化速率最大,为(1.38±0.11)μg/(g·d),二者显著高于丘下和丘间土壤,丘下和丘间土壤甲烷产生速率和氧化速率无显著差异;在垂直方向上,在实验的第24天,草丘10～20 cm深度土壤甲烷产生速率最大;在实验的第16天,丘间10～20 cm深度土壤甲烷产生速率最大;在实验的第12天,丘下0～10 cm深度土壤甲烷产生速率最大;草丘对土壤甲烷的氧化作用在甲烷释放过程中占主导地位,可以有效减少甲烷的排放量,对沼泽碳输出具有重要的调控作用。     

不同饵料组成对花鲈幼鱼生长和生理活性影响研究

为探究不同饵料组成对北方人工繁育花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)幼鱼生长和生理活性的影响,优化花鲈幼鱼饵料组成,作者采用投喂不同组成的饵料研究其对花鲈幼鱼的生长和消化酶活性的影响,实验采用63日龄幼鱼,设4个处理组,分别组1投喂卤虫(Artemia)、组2高蛋白配合饲料、组3低蛋白配合饲料和组4冰鲜桡足类,共40 d。结果表明,组2的生长速度、最终体长、体质量、特定生长率、绝对生长率、增质量率均大于其余3组,组3的生长状况次之,但与其他2组并无显著性差异(P0.05);除组1的蛋白酶最大活性出现在实验中期,其他3组的蛋白酶变化与其生长状况相符,最大值均出现在103日龄,各组间差异显著;4组的淀粉酶活性呈上升趋势,在103日龄时,组1的淀粉酶活性大于组2,并显著大于组3和组4;组1的脂肪酶活性在实验后期迅速上升,并在103日龄达到最大值,而其余3组的脂肪酶活性呈下降趋势,103日龄时组3和组4脂肪酶活性显著小于组2和组1(P0.05)。研究表明,花鲈幼鱼摄食高蛋白配合饲料生长状况最好,摄食低蛋白配合饲料生长状况次之,摄食卤虫状况最差,出于经济的考虑,建议投喂低蛋白配合饲料。     

对ENDECO956波浪浮标测量的功率谱和方差谱的评价

本文介绍了美国ENDECO公司生产的956波浪浮标的特点和用途,剖析了该公司开发的数字带通滤波方法软件956 B08源程序,分析了该浮标实际使用的效果。     

连续降温对大菱鲆成鱼代谢机能的影响

为了探寻连续降温对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)成鱼血清、肝脏及肌肉能量代谢等指标的影响,作者将大菱鲆从正常养殖水温18℃快速、连续降温至1℃,并在18℃、13℃、8℃、5℃、3℃和1℃共计6个温度点取血采样,分别测定血清中的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、血糖(GLU)以及肝脏中的糖原和肌肉中的乳酸等指标。结果发现,随着温度降低,大菱鲆的血清TP浓度呈先下降后升高的趋势,各实验组与对照组无显著差异(P0.05),但在13℃和3℃之间出现显著性差异(P0.05);血清ALB浓度则呈现升高趋势,在3℃时显著高于1℃(P0.05);血清TC浓度呈现升高趋势,且3℃时显著高于18℃(P0.05);GLU浓度呈先降低后升高趋势,且8℃、5℃、3℃实验组浓度显著高于其余实验组(P0.05);尿素浓度呈先降低后升高再降低趋势,且8℃时显著高于1℃(P0.05);肝糖原浓度呈先降低后升高趋势,且8、5、3℃实验组浓度显著高于其余实验组(P0.05);肌肉中乳酸含量呈先升高后降低趋势,且5℃时显著高于18℃(P0.05);其余指标则无显著性差异(P0.05)。结果表明:当温度在18~8℃时,降温对大菱鲆体内代谢影响不大;当温度降到8~3℃时,大菱鲆体内开始出现应激反应;当温度继续降低至1℃时,大菱鲆体内的各种代谢基本处于停滞状态。综合分析各温度下的代谢指标得出结论,3~1℃温度区间与大菱鲆的生态冰温点比较接近,可以在此温度区间附近进一步进行无水保活的探索,在保证大菱鲆无水运输可行性的基础上优化经济成本。     

养殖密度对大杂交鲟幼鱼体组份和血液生化指标的影响

试验以大杂交鲟(达氏鳇♀×史氏鲟♂,初始体质量每尾约38g)为材料,研究了流水养殖条件下放养密度(40/m~2、70/m~2、93/m~2、110/m~2)对其体组分和血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:经过60d饲养,放养密度对大杂交鲟体组分产生了负面影响,水分和灰分含量随密度的增大呈升高趋势,粗脂肪和粗蛋白随着密度增大而下降;同时大杂交鲟血清碱性磷酸酶含量随密度增大而降低;血清有机成分蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯及尿素等含量也呈现下降趋势;血清无机离子磷和镁含量也随养殖密度的增大而降低。本文试验结果说明放养密度改变了大杂交鲟体内营养物质的的吸收、代谢和分配,造成机体和血液中生化组成的变化,进而可能对鱼类的营养状况及生长产生不利影响。     

我国全新世泥炭α纤维素稳定碳同位素记录的对比与分析

泥炭是古气候研究的宝贵材料,α纤维素稳定碳同位素（δ¹³C_cell）是泥炭古气候研究的常用代用指标。我国已有数个地点报道了全新世泥炭全样或单种植物δ¹³C_cell记录,对这些记录的古气候解译存在明显冲突。结合相应的孢粉和植物残体证据,对这些记录进行综合对比,结果发现：高山草地植被带和内陆干旱区荒漠草原植被带当中的泥炭地,全新世期间的原地植物种属构成相对稳定且未发生显著变化,因此其δ¹³C_cell记录具有较为明显的长期变化趋势,其古气候解译也更为可靠;森林植被带和林草交互带当中的泥炭地,全新世期间的原地植物种属构成发生过显著变化（如木本植物入侵）,这可能是造成其全新世δ¹³C_cell记录长期趋势不明显或其古气候指示意义复杂难解的主要原因。这些结果显示了泥炭地的原地植物种属构成,对相应δ¹³C_cell记录的古气候解译的重要影响。同时也表明,无论是泥炭δ¹³C_cell研究地点的选择,还是泥炭δ¹³C_cell记录的古气候解译,都需重视其来源植物种属构成和变化。对于全新世泥炭δ¹³C_cell古气候研究,建议开展针对性的现代过程研究,尤其是优势泥炭植物种属的δ¹³C_cell在时间序列上的现代过程研究,以提供可靠的古气候解译基础。

     

Influence of light availability on the specific density,size and sinking loss of Anabaena flos-aquae and Scenedesmus obliquus

Harmful algal blooms in eutrophic waters pose a serious threat to freshwater ecosystems and human health. In-situ light availability control is one of the most commonly used technologies to suppress algae in lakes and reservoirs. To develop a better understanding of the effects of light on algal growth, specific density, colony size and sinking loss, Anabaena flos-aquae(cyanobacteria) and Scenedesmus obliquus(green algae) were evaluated in varying light scenarios. The results showed that the specific density and colony size of these two species varied during growth, and there were obvious differences among the light scenarios. At the end of exponential phase, S. obliquus incubated under light-limited condition maintained a higher specific density and formed larger aggregates, whereas A. flos-aquae formed a longer filament length. Both species exhibited higher sinking loss rates with lower light availability. These results implied that the sinking loss rate was not always constant but should be considered as a variable response to the change of light availability, and in-situ light availability control might result in a significant increase of the sinking loss of algae due to the change of size and specific density, thereby further affecting the algal biomass in the water column.