模拟水中硫离子对不锈钢钝化膜破坏作用的光电化学研究

采用光电化学方法研究了模拟冷却水中硫离子对不锈钢钝化膜的破坏作用.结果表明,不锈钢钝化膜显示n-型光响应,最大吸收峰出现在310 nm处.不锈钢钝化膜在电位约-0.35 V开始出现光电流,随电位升高,光电流增大.钝化膜禁带宽度Eg随电位的升高而减小,并逐渐向铁氧化物的Eg靠近.模拟冷却水中加入硫离子使不锈钢钝化膜的光电流增大,Eg减小.硫离子的浓度越大,测得的光电流越大,而Eg越小,这可归因于钝化膜膜电阻的降低及钝化膜中氧化铬含量的减少.     

一种低磷阻垢缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能

用旋转挂片失重法、极化曲线法、电化学阻抗谱等测试方法,研究了低磷1~#阻垢缓蚀剂对碳钢和黄铜的缓蚀性能。研究结果表明：该阻垢缓蚀剂在试验用模拟水条件下,对碳钢和黄铜均有明显缓蚀作用,且其缓蚀效果与传统水质稳定剂SPC-405相当。     

DeviceNet总线的应用

阐述了DeviceNet和CompoBus/D现场总线的工业控制网络和三级计算机通信网络体系的应用.在设备网基础上,为实现远程控制,又构建了EtherNet.基于此网络,对同一个对象(电烤箱)采用模糊控制和PID控制2种控制方法进行控制.结果表明,采用DeviceNet现场总线实现控制的有效性;电烤箱温度控制的PID方法不如模糊控制方法.     

基于PROFIBUS-DP总线的智能电控阀门控制器

简要介绍PROFIBUS-DP现场总线和工业电动阀门智能控制器.为了实现远程化控制,把PROFIBUS--DP智能从站引入到电动控制系统当中.讨论了系统的硬件和软件方案,证明了实现的可行性.     

基于Modbus总线的电机驱动器

介绍一款基于Modbus总线的智能电机驱动装置。在针对传统电机控制器不能满足远程控制功能的基础上,引入Modbus通信总线接口,实现了上位机对云台进行远程控制。该驱动器能够根据上位机的指令,驱动电机,并且监视电机工作状况,如果控制器发现电机堵转、过流等故障时及时报警、切断电源对电机进行保护。该方案的优点在于主机可以利用有限的资源实现多站点远程实时控制。     

羊毛衫仿旧染色

为了染出仿牛仔效果,采用活性染料对毛衣进行染色。探究普通羊毛衫、丝光防缩羊毛衫染色过程中阳离子雅可固T24-C的用量、圆形橡胶浮球的用量,并对染色后羊毛衫的(K/S_正)值、(K/S反)值和正反面表观同色性K值进行评定。结果表明：丝光防缩羊毛衫反衫染色选用雅格素藏青BF-RRN 3.2%(omf),甲酸1.2%(omf),低温助剂ST220 1.5%(omf),雅可固T24-C 2.0%(omf),圆形橡胶浮球3.0%(omf)在85℃下运转15 min,随后用氨水在80℃下清洗6 min。羊毛衫正反面表观同色性K值为0.762,表明正反面色差大,且正面颜色比反面浅,羊毛衫有仿旧效果。     

棉织物过度氧化引起破洞的检测方法

In recent years, cotton fabrics, especially summer clothing, have been increasingly favored by young people in domestic market for their mercerization, moisture absorption, breathability and soft touch, and the market potential demanding for cotton cloth has been huge. Under the requirement of energy saving and emission reduction for high energy-consumption printing and dyeing enterprises by the Chinese government, most dyeing plants have adopted the more efficient short process of one-bath one-step cold pad-batch for cotton cloth bleaching. The hydrogen peroxide added in this process is over three times more than that of the traditional process. After oxygen bleaching mercerization of the cotton cloth, local excessive oxidation occurs and oxygen bleaching holes are more likely to occur. In the production process of cotton cloth, the selection process of different cotton cloth specifications is different resulting in complex reasons for holes. Therefore it is necessary to find out the causes of holes in the production process and formulate corresponding preventive measures and technological processes. In this experiment aldehyde cellulose produced by bleaching cotton cloth with hydrogen peroxide was oxidized by a self-made weak oxidation reagent so that metal silver atoms could be directly precipitated on the cloth surface. According to the number of silver atoms precipitated from the cloth surface and the hole opening the color depth was formed the intensity of hydrogen peroxide decomposition was judged and whether the hole on cotton cloth was caused by excessive oxidation was proved from the side. Then 1 mL of 8% silver nitrate solution and 2 mL of mixed solution of 20% sodium bicarbonate and 20% caustic soda were added into 17 mL of deionized water. Then the mixed solution was shaken up quickly. Subsequently 5g of cloth with holes was boiled in the solution for 2 min under 100 ℃ and then it was washed with deionized water. The color difference around the hole of that fabric was observed. The cotton cloth with holes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy X-ray diffraction scanning electron microscope SEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The test results of the self-made solution show that the holes caused by mechanical and other external forces have the same color as the holes on the cloth surface indicating that the silver content precipitated is basically the same. As for holes caused by local overoxidation the color of the opening is darker than the cloth surface and the silver content of the hole area is obviously higher than that of other parts. During the test it is found that the decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide is affected by temperatures pH values and metal ions and the symbionts and textile auxiliaries in gray cloth can inhibit the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that the structure of most cotton fiber polysaccharides changes into dialdehyde cellulose after oxygen bleaching. After treatment with the self-made hole breaking detection reagent the aldehyde group and silver ions have oxidation-reduction reaction and the aldehyde group disappears. Through characterizing the cotton cloth tested by the self-made hole detection reagent it is concluded that the black particulate matters on the cotton cloth surface are silver atoms. The hole areas such as burnt holes hook holes weak yarn strength holes and damp mildew holes are of the same shade as the cloth surface. Nevertheless compared with the main elements of the cloth surface there are more black silver atoms in the hole than in other places which makes the color darker than in other places. As the demand for oxygen bleached mercerized cotton cloth is gradually increasing in domestic market it is significant to determine the causes of holes for production prevention which will be beneficial to cost saving and energy conservation and emission reduction. For the cotton cloth with holes during the production process the semi-finished cotton cloth can be treated through lower tension process on the machines increase the friction between yarns by adding adhesives or even be changed to the overflow or air cylinder with low tension for dyeing so as to reduce the probability of holes as much as possible and minimize the loss. In the future the weaving mill will equip the magnetic metal cloth inspection machine in the gray cloth inspection. As long as the fabric has more than a certain amount of metal ions the metal alarm device on the cloth inspection machine will raise the alarm to prevent the problematic gray cloth flowing into the next process which guarantees the good quality. © Journal of Silk.     

Multisim 11在RC无源滤波器教学中的应用

"电路原理"是一门研究电路理论、电路分析与综合的基础工程学科,该课程教学中存在着理论性强、内容抽象、不易理解等问题。针对上述问题,提出了在教学中利用Multisim 11软件进行电路仿真引导学生理解电路理论的一种课程教学新方法。以常用RC无源低通滤波器频率特性分析为例进行教学实践,内容包括网络传递函数、幅频特性、相频特性等。该教学方法可以加深学生对课程内容的理解,同时提高学生的学习兴趣,从而获得理想的课堂教学效果。     

黏合剂ST309改善纬编针织面料纬斜

纬编针织物在生产过程中产生纬斜不可避免,特别是单面织物更加明显。使用黏合剂ST309 3.5%(omf),在压力为0.35 MPa、机速为15 m/min、140℃热压条件下使交联剂发生反应,黏合剂和交联剂呈立体网状薄膜,将毛羽固着在织物表面,能够增强纤维间的摩擦力,稳定纱线捻度,从而改善纬斜。经过处理后织物手感软滑,色牢度、顶破强力以及起毛起球性能都有所提升。     

复配型增深剂在针织布上的应用

染特深色织物存在染料上染饱和但色深度不足等问题,以不同玻璃化温度的增深剂复配,在织物上形成双层反射面,探究其在针织面料上的应用效果。结果表明：增深剂复配比m（聚硅氧烷TF-413）∶m（聚丙烯酸酯M-431SX）=2∶1,增深剂质量浓度40 g/L,定形机后6节烘箱170℃定形,车速26 m/min,整理后织物的增深率高达45.89%,与未整理织物相比,耐皂洗色牢度基本相同,耐湿摩擦色牢度可提升0.5级。