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1.
Particle composition and size distributions in and around a deep-pit swine operation,Ames, IA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Randal S. Martin Philip J. Silva Kori Moore Mark Erupe Vishal S. Doshi 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2008,59(2):135-150
The contribution of emissions from agricultural facilities is rapidly becoming a major concern for local and regional air
quality. Characterization of particle properties such as physical size distribution and chemical composition can be valuable
in understanding the processes contributing to emissions and ultimate fate of particulate matter from agricultural facilities.
A measurement campaign was conducted at an Iowa, deep-pit, three-barn swine finishing facility to characterize near-source
ambient particulate matter. Size-specific mass concentrations were determined using minivol samplers, with additional size
distribution information obtain using optical particle counters. Particulate composition was determined via ion chromatographic
analysis of the collected filters. A thermal-CO2 elemental/organic carbon analyzer measured particulate carbon. The chemical composition and size distribution of sub-micron
particles were determined via real-time aerosol mass spectrometry. Primary particulate was not found to be a major emission
from the examined facility, with filter-based impactor samples showing average near-source increases (~15–50 m) in ambient
PM10 of 5.8 ± 2.9 μg m−3 above background levels. PM2.5 also showed contribution attributable to the facility (1.7 ± 1.1 μg m−3). Optical particle counter analysis of the numerical size distributions showed bimodal distributions for both the upwind
and downwind conditions, with maximums around 2.5 μm and below the minimum quantified diameter of 0.3 μm. The distributions
showed increased numbers of coarse particles (PM10) during periods when wind transport came from the barns, but the differences were not statistically significant at the 95%
confidence level. The PM10 aerosols showed statistically increased concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, organic carbon, and elemental
carbon when the samplers were downwind from the pig barns. Organic carbon was the major constituent of the barn-impacted particulate
matter in both sub-micron (54%) and coarse size (20%) ranges. The AMS PM1 chemical speciation showed similar species increases, with the exception of and Ca+2, the latter not quantified by the AMS. 相似文献
2.
Isolated Archosaur teeth from the green sandstone capping the Coralline Limestone (Bagh Group) of the Narmada valley: Evidence for the presence of pre‐Late to Late Maastrichtian abelisaurids in India 下载免费PDF全文
Guntupalli V.R. Prasad Vishal Verma Pooja Grover Rajkumari Priyadarshini Ashok Sahni Ranjit S. Lourembam 《Island Arc》2016,25(6):410-420
Recent field prospecting in the Cretaceous sequences of the lower Narmada valley has led to the discovery of three isolated archosaur teeth from the upper part of marine Cretaceous rocks of the Bagh Group. The specimens were recovered by surface prospecting from an oyster‐bearing green sandstone bed occurring at the top of the Coralline Limestone (Coniacian) from a site near Phutibawri village, Dhar District, Madhya Pradesh, India. Of the three teeth recovered from this horizon, two are identified with abelisaurid dinosaurs and the third one with an indeterminate crocodile. The abelisaurid teeth conform to the premaxillary and maxillary tooth morphology of Majungasaurus and Indosuchus. Earlier reports of abelisaurid dinosaurs from India are from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Lameta Group of Jabalpur, Pisdura (Central India) and Balasinor (Western India) and Upper Cretaceous (Late Maastrichtian) Kallamedu Formation (South India). As no associated age diagnostic fossils are found, the specimens described here are considered to represent pre‐Late to Late Maastrichtian age based on the known ages of the underlying and overlying formations. The new finds, therefore, document stratigraphically the oldest occurrence of abelisaurid dinosaurs known from the Indian subcontinent. 相似文献
3.
The impact of realistic representation of sea surface temperature (SST) on the numerical simulation of track and intensity
of tropical cyclones formed over the north Indian Ocean is studied using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. We
have selected two intense tropical cyclones formed over the Bay of Bengal for studying the SST impact. Two different sets
of SSTs were used in this study: one from TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) satellite and other is the weekly averaged Reynold’s
SST analysis from National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). WRF simulations were conducted using the Reynold’s
and TMI SST as model boundary condition for the two cyclone cases selected. The TMI SST which has a better temporal and spatial
resolution showed sharper gradient when compared to the Reynold’s SST. The use of TMI SST improved the WRF cyclone intensity
prediction when compared to that using Reynold’s SST for both the cases studied. The improvements in intensity were mainly
due to the improved prediction of surface latent and sensible heat fluxes. The use of TMI SST in place of Reynold’s SST improved
cyclone track prediction for Orissa super cyclone but slightly degraded track prediction for cyclone Mala. The present modeling
study supports the well established notion that the horizontal SST gradient is one of the major driving forces for the intensification
and movement of tropical cyclones over the Indian Ocean. 相似文献
4.
Sumira Malik Shristi Kishore Jutishna Bora Vishal Chaudhary Anjali Kumari Preeti Kumari Lamha Kumar Abhaya Bhardwaj 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2023,51(3):2200044
In the past few years, microalgae have gained huge recognition from the scientific community due to their potential applications in the production of a broad array of bio-based products varying from biofuels to nanoparticles. Due to their elevated growth rate, high tolerance to various types of abiotic stresses, and complex metabolic capacity, microalgae can be used as promising tools for the attainment of a circular bioeconomy. Moreover, they can simply utilize nutrients from wastewater for biorefinery purposes, resulting in resource recovery coupled with wastewater treatment. However, due to their sub-optimal yields and high production costs, microalgae-based bio-products have not yet been commercialized. This review provides insights into the employment of microalgae as an efficient bioresource for the treatment of wastewater with simultaneous enactment as a biorefinery to produce biofuels, biochar, bioplastic, fertilizers, and other high-value bioproducts. Furthermore, the application of microalgal nanoparticles in wastewater treatment and prospects for genetic modification of microalgae for enhanced biorefinery capabilities have also been briefly highlighted. 相似文献
5.
We examined seismic characteristics, b value and fractal dimension of the aftershock sequence of the January 26, 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7) that occurred in the Kutch failed rift basin, western margin of the Stable Continental Region (SCR) of India. A total of about 2,000 events (M?≥?2.0) were recorded within two and a half months, immediately after the main shock. Some 795 events were precisely relocated by simultaneous inversion. These relocated events are used for mapping the frequency-magnitude relation (b value) and fractal correlation dimension (Dc) to understand the seismic characteristics of the aftershocks and the source zone of the main shock. The surface maps of the b value and Dc reveal two distinct tectonic arms or zones of the V-shaped aftershock area, western zone and eastern zone. The b value is relatively higher (~1.6) in the western zone compared to a lower value (~1.4) in the eastern zone. The Dc map also shows a higher value (1.2–1.35) in the western zone compared to a lower Dc (0.80–1.15) in the eastern zone; this implies a positive correlation between Dc and b value. Two cross sections, E–W and N–S, are examined. The E–W sections show similar characteristics, higher b value and higher Dc in the western zone and lower in the eastern zone with depth. The N–S sections across the fault zones, however, show unique features; it imaged both the b and Dc characteristics convincingly to identify two known faults, the Kutch Mainland fault and the South Wagad fault (SWF), one stepping over the other with a seismogenic source zone at depth (20–35?km). The source zone at depth is imaged with a relatively lower b and higher Dc at the ‘fault end’ of the SWF showing a negative correlation. These observations, corroborated with the seismic tomography as well as with the proposed geological/tectonic model, shed a new light to our understanding on seismogenesis of the largest SCR earthquake in India in the recent years. 相似文献
6.
Little Rann of Kutch is an integral part of the Rann of Kutch, occupying southeastern part of it. It remains a saline-inundated regime, partially seasonal and partially around the year. The study area experiences a very high ambient temperature at one point of time while it gets flooded by both the tidal water ingression and freshwater poured by the seasonal rivers during the monsoon season. And as a result, the area experiences a seasonal reversal of geomorphic processes which in turn is reflected through its distinctive and dynamic landforms. Geologically, this area was a part of oceanic floor and has immerged in the recent past. Geomorphology of the area plays a dominant role in the pattern and cause of saline water intrusion. The surface of Rann is at or slightly above sea level and possesses a monotonously plain character with some outcrop in the form of sandstone capped by basalts, resembling to island in the mid of the Rann. During 3 months of the southwest monsoon, storm tides, aided by the wind, force water from the Arabian Sea over the flat surface of the Ranns. Rainfall is fairly low, so that as the water recede and evaporate, they leave behind a crust of halite and gypsum crystals which grow in the clay and sands. This monotonously saline flat surface with annual inundation, have executed the Rann a mysterious piece of terrain. The characteristics and role of sediments in terms of erosional and depositional characteristics, their plasticity, facilitating capillary rise, their hygroscopic absorption capacity, infiltration capacity, permeability, etc. gives both short- and long-term implication to the area. Apart from the above concern, the soil has a great deal to play in terms of the vegetal and faunal cover. Considering these above characteristics, study area has been regionalized in order to have a better understanding and planning for the study area. The study area being an economic zone, also confronts with several environmental problems. 相似文献
7.
A hierarchical scale-up framework is formulated to study the scaling characteristics of reservoir attributes and input dispersivities at the transport modeling scale, where heterogeneity distribution exhibits both non-stationarity (trend) and sub-scale variability. The proposed method is flexible to handle heterogeneities occurring at multiple scales, without any explicit assumption regarding the multivariate distribution of the heterogeneity. This paper extends our previous work by incorporating the effects of non-stationarity into the modeling workflow. Rock property at a given location is modeled as a random variable, which is decomposed into the sum of a trend (available on the same resolution of the transport modeling scale) and a residual component (defined at a much smaller scale). First, to scale up the residual component to the transport modeling scale, the corresponding volume variance is computed; by sampling numerous sets of “conditioning data” via bootstrapping and constructing multiple realizations of the residual components at the transport modeling, uncertainty due to this scale-up process is captured. Next, to compute the input dispersivity at the transport modeling scale, a flow-based technique is adopted: multiple geostatistical realizations of the same physical size as the transport modeling scale are generated to describe the spatial heterogeneity below the modeling scale. Each realization is subjected to particle-tracking simulation. Effective longitudinal and transverse dispersivities are estimated by minimizing the difference in effluent history for each realization and that of an equivalent average medium. Probability distributions of effective dispersivities are established by aggregating results from all realizations. The results demonstrate that both large-scale non-stationarity and sub-scale variability are both contributing to anomalous non-Fickian behavior. In comparison with our previous work, which ignored large-scale non-stationarity, the non-Fickian characteristics observed in this study is dramatically more pronounced. 相似文献
8.
Mantsis Damianos F. Sherwood Steven Dixit Vishal Morrison Hugh Thompson Greg 《Climate Dynamics》2020,54(7):3425-3439
Climate Dynamics - The simulation of Saharan mid tropospheric clouds is investigated with the weather research and forecasting (WRF) regional atmospheric model at convection permitting... 相似文献
9.
M. Todd Walter Tammo S. Steenhuis Vishal K. Mehta Dominique Thongs Mark Zion Elliot Schneiderman 《水文研究》2002,16(10):2041-2046
The TOPMODEL framework was used to derive expressions that account for saturated and unsaturated flow through shallow soil on a hillslope. The resulting equations were the basis for a shallow‐soil TOPMODEL (STOPMODEL). The common TOPMODEL theory implicitly assumes a water table below the entire watershed and this does not conceptually apply to systems hydrologically controlled by shallow interflow of perched groundwater. STOPMODEL provides an approach for extending TOPMODEL's conceptualization to apply to shallow, interflow‐driven watersheds by using soil moisture deficit instead of water table depth as the state variable. Deriving STOPMODEL by using a hydraulic conductivity function that changes exponentially with soil moisture content results in equations that look very similar to those commonly associated with TOPMODEL. This alternative way of conceptualizing TOPMODEL makes the modelling approach available to researchers, planners, and engineers who work in areas where TOPMODEL was previously believed to be unsuited, such as the New York City Watershed in the Catskills region of New York State. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
Vishal Chandr Jaunky 《Natural Resources Research》2012,21(2):265-278
The article attempts to test the aluminum consumption–economic growth nexus for 20 rich economies for the period 1970–2009.
Various panel data unit root and cointegration tests are applied. The series are found to be integrated of order one and cointegrated,
especially after controlling for cross-sectional dependence. Moreover, the Blundell–Bond system generalized methods-of-moments
is employed to conduct a panel causality test in a vector error-correction mechanism setting. Unidirectional causality running
from aluminum consumption to real GDP is uncovered in the short-run, while real GDP is found to Granger-cause aluminum consumption
in the long-run. Moreover, a 1% increase in real GDP generates an increase of 0.44% in aluminum consumption in the long-run
for the whole panel. 相似文献