湍流动量、标量及能量的逆梯度输运模型

运用单影响函数的双尺度直接相互作用原理(简称TSDIA)研究了湍流中广泛存在的动量、标量、能量的逆梯度输运现象,得到了可定性描述动量、标量及能量逆输运的模型表达式.然后运用惯性子区的理论对所得结果进行了简化,在计算中对标量与动量采用了不同的时间尺度,同时仅引入了动量的低波数截断k_m.所得结果对于低阶的情形与前人的结果一致.最后利用所得结果分析了非对称槽道流与圆柱尾流中出现的动量、被动标量及湍能的逆梯度输运现象.     

高阶(2+1)维Broer-Kaup方程的局域相干结构

利用推广的齐次平衡方法,研究高阶(2+1)维Broer-Kaup方程的局域相干结构.首先基于推广的齐次平衡方法,给出这个模型的一个非线性变换,并把它变换成一个线性化的方程.然后从线性化方程出发,构造出一个分离变量的拟解.由于拟解中不仅含有两个y的任意函数,而且还有{αi,βi,γk,kj,lk}和{N,M,L}这些参数可以任意选取,因此合适的选择这些函数和参数,可以得到新的相当丰富的孤子结构.方法直接而简单,可推广应用一大类(2+1)维非线性物理模.     

含杯芳烃的高分子功能材料的研究与应用*

作为第三代超分子大环化合物的代表,杯芳烃具有特殊的分子识别能力和独特的结构易修性,将杯芳烃掺杂或键合于高分子材料中,可得到各种具有分子识别功能的高分子材料。本文综述了含杯芳烃的高人子材料在化学传感器,色谱及传输分离等方面的研究和应用。     

寻找具有三个任意函数的变系数KdV-MKdV方程的类孤波解的新方法

给出了求具有三个任意函数的变系数非线性演化方程的类孤波解的截断展开方法.这种方法的关键是首先把形式解设为几个待定函数的截断展开形式,从而可将变系数非线性演化方程转化为一组待定函数的代数方程,然后进一步给出容易积分的待定函数的常微分方程组,从而构造出相应的类孤波解.     

完全发展的非对称槽道湍流的分形维数研究

湍流的分形维数刻画了湍流的统计正则性 ,本文利用正交子波变换对完全发展的非对称槽道湍流脉动速度的实验数据进行了分析研究。文中首先将脉动速度信号分解到各个尺度 ,然后利用正则法和盒子法两种方法计算了不同尺度信号的分形维数 ,着重于考虑分形维数的变化趋势。研究结果表明 :(1 )随着信号分解尺度的增加 ,速度信号的低频部分和高频部分的维数都逐渐减小 ;(2 )逆输运现象对速度信号的分形维数没有本质的影响 ;(3)正则法计算得到的分形维数要略大于盒子法得到的分形维数     

SCALING EXPONENTS IN FULLY DEVELOPED ASYMMETRIC CHANNEL FLOW

IntroductionDuetotheimportanceofglobalandlocalscalingexponents,theyattractmanyturbulentresearchersduringthepasttwentiesyears.Butresultsobtaineduptonowaremainlyonisotropicturbulence ,bothinexperimentsandnumericsimulations[1].Itisfoundthatξpisnonlinearfunc…     

Longitudinal and transverse structure functions in decaying nearly homogeneous and isotropic turbulenceLongitudinal and transverse structure functions in decaying nearly homogeneous and isotropic turbulenceLongitudinal and transverse structure functions in decaying nearly homogeneous and isotropic turbulence

Streamwise evolution of longitudinal and transverse velocity structure functions in a decaying homogeneous and nearly isotropic turbulence is reported for Reynolds numbers Re;t up to 720. First, two theoretical relations between longitudinal and transverse structure functions are examined in the light of recently derived relations and the results show that the low-order transverse structure functions can be well approximated by longitudinal ones within the sub-inertial range. Reconstruction of fourth-order transverse structure functions with a recently proposed relation by Grauer et al. is comparatively less valid than the relation already proposed by Antonia et al. Secondly, extended self-similarity methods are used to measure the scaling exponents up to order eight and the streamwise evolution of scaling exponents is explored. The scaling exponents of longitudinal structure functions are, at first location, close to Zybin＇s model, and at the fourth location, close to She-Leveque model. No obvious wend is found for the streamwise evolution of longitudinal scaling exponents, whereas, on the contrary, transverse scaling exponents become slightly smaller with the development of a steamwise direction. Finally, the stremwise variation of the order-dependent isotropy ratio indicates the turbulence at the last location is closer to isotropic than the other three locations.     

Effects of acetone-soaking treatment on the performance of polymer solar cells based on P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction

The improvement of the acetone-soaking treatment to the performance of polymer solar cells based on the P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction is reported. Undergoing acetone-soaking, the PCBM does not distribute uniformly in the vertical direction, a PCBM enrichment layer forms on the top of the active layer, which is beneficial to the collec- tion of the carriers and blocking the inverting diffusion carriers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis reveals that the PCBM weight ratio on the top of the active layer increases by 20% after the acetone-soaking treatment. Due to the nonuniform distribution of PCBM, the short-circuit current density, the open-circuit voltage, and the fill factor are enhanced significantly. Finally, the power conversion efficiency of the acetone-soaking device increases by 31% compared with the control device.     

复合封装结构的微型X射线源

描述了一种用于便携式Ｘ射线图像增强透视装置的Ｘ射线源。该射线源采用了液体和固化的绝缘材料，以复合灌奎的结构形式装配组件，能在较小的体积，良好的机构性和低输入电压要求下，稳定地提供较高的恒管电压和管电流，及其状态下的Ｘ射线，射线源组件对漏射线的屏蔽效果符合国家相应标准的要求。     

高压绝缘材料在便携式X射线像增强仪中的应用

描述便携式Ｘ射线图像增强透视装置中应用的几种高压绝缘材料和它们的实施工艺，以及实施后的电性能结果。