Earliest Zanclean age for the Colombacci and uppermost Di Tetto formations of the “latest Messinian” northern Apennines: New palaeoenvironmental data from the Maccarone section (Marche Province, Italy)

The occurrence of planktonic foraminifers in the latest Messinian deposits (uppermost Di Tetto Formation and Colombacci Formation) of the Marche Province (Apennine foredeep, Italy) has stimulated a debate since the 1970s. An earlier palynological study of the entire Maccarone section revealed a pronounced, and a sudden increasing frequency of saccate pollen grains which indicates more distal conditions, and thus a transgression. At first attributed to tectonic activity, this transgression is now interpreted as representing the Zanclean marine transgression after the discovery of Ceratolithusacutus, the calcareous nannofossil marker of the earliest Zanclean in the Mediterranean Sea. Evidence from marine dinoflagellate cysts and planktonic foraminifers supports this result. The Colombacci Formation and uppermost part of the Di Tetto Formation (i.e. the entire p-ev2 stratigraphic unit) belong to the earliest Zanclean. The so-called Lago Mare no longer has a regional chronostratigraphic sense, and should be understood as the invasion of Paratethyan organisms via surface waters owing to a connection at high sea-level between the Aegean Sea and the Eastern Paratethys (Dacic Basin). A new robust environmental reconstruction of the northern Apennine foredeep is proposed, which respectively considers the effects of tectonics and Mediterranean eustasy.     

航空电磁法在水文地质调查中的应用

为了对水文地质调查提供多方法、多深度和多参数解释,提高航空电磁法在水文地质调查中的应用效果,以河北曹碑店地区、定陵—北京十三陵水库地区、黑龙江宝清地区、澳大利亚桥维拉地区、山东黄河口地区的航空电磁资料为基础,建立了利用航空电磁法研究海侵程度、水质填图、寻找浅层淡水的定性和定量解释方法。结果表明: 航空电磁法可以快速高效地研究不同深度的地下水及海侵程度空间分布特征,快速计算地下水矿化度,尤其可为大范围水文地质调查提供多层次的海侵底界面和水平界线、含水层和隔水层分布及水质分布信息,在多个研究区取得了较好的水文地质勘查效果。     

苏北盆地晚白垩世-古新世海侵湖泊的证据及其地质意义

通过对苏北盆地钻井岩心分析研究总结得出,在晚白垩世、古新世苏北盆地曾与海相通,并遭受海侵影响。海侵的原因,可能是从晚白垩世晚期起,中国东部的地应力条件以引张力占优势,并在华北—渤海湾、苏北—南黄海和东海陆架区,发育了一系列为早第三纪巨厚沉积物所充填的半地堑箕状盆地,海水由东海向黄海海侵,造成陆架上箕状盆地在短时期内与海水相通。苏北盆地在晚白垩世泰州组—古新世阜宁组沉积形成了以全盆地阜二段、阜四段为主,局部泰二段的富含介形虫的暗色泥岩,成为该盆地的主力烃源岩。古生物以及岩矿、地球化学等方面的证据可以确定苏北盆地晚白垩世—古新世发育的湖盆环境可统称“近海湖泊”或将海侵层段称“海侵湖泊”,而至始新世戴南和三垛组沉积时则可统称内陆湖泊和河流冲积平原环境。通过对苏北盆地晚白垩世—古新世海侵湖泊的确切与充分的认识分析,不仅对苏北盆地晚白垩世—古新世时期的湖盆古地理重建,而且对烃源岩的发育与分布以及生油气潜力评价都具有重要的意义。     

Shedding light on the timing of the largest Late Quaternary transgression of the Caspian Sea

The Late Quaternary history of the Caspian Sea remains controversial. One of the major disagreements in this debate concerns the stratigraphic correlation of various deposits in the Caspian Basin. In this paper we identify and date, for the first time, the Enotaevka regression, lying between the two major phases of the largest Late Quaternary Caspian Sea transgression, the Khvalynian transgressive epoch, and provide a minimum estimate of sea level decrease during this regression. The River Volga is the major source of water to the Caspian; the Lower Volga region is unique in its record of palaeogeographic events, and this provides the opportunity to build a single stratigraphic and palaeogeographic history for the Pleistocene of Central Eurasia. Here we use luminescence to establish a new chronology for the largest Late Quaternary transgressive epoch of the Caspian Sea. The existing radiocarbon chronology does not allow the resolution of the two transgressive phases of this epoch (Early and Late Khvalynian). Based on clear palaeontological and geomorphological evidence, these must be very different in age, but shells associated with both transgressions gave very scattered ages of between 8 and 50 ka. This ambiguity has led to considerable discussion concerning the existence or otherwise of a deep Enotaevka regression phase between the two Khvalynian transgressions. Recently we have again identified these deposits at Kosika, on the right valley side of the Volga River. The new luminescence chronology described here, based on quartz OSL and K-feldspar pIRIR₂₉₀ ages, allows us to reconstruct the complicated history of Late Quaternary sedimentation in the southern part of the Lower Volga valley. The Kosika section reflects the following major stages: (1) the earlier Khazarian transgressive epoch; (2) a decrease in the sea level with the development of a freshwater lake/lagoon in the Volga valley; and (3) the Khvalynian transgressive-regressive epoch, including both the Early and Late Khvalynian transgressive periods, and the intercalated Enotaevka regression. Sea level during the early stage of the Khvalynian transgression reached Kosika at about 23–22 ka (approx. −1 to −2 m asl). This event is of the same age as the “grey clay” strata at the base of the Leninsk section marine unit (Kurbanov et al., 2021), also formed at the beginning of the Early Khvalynian transgression. Around 15–14 ka the Khvalynian basin moved to a regressive stage, and in the northern part of the Lower Volga the top part of the well-known ‘Chocolate Clay’ accumulated. In the southern part of the valley marine accumulation stopped at about 12–13 ka. This allows us to reconstruct a decrease in Early Khvalynian basin sea level between 15–14 ka and 13–12 ka ago, of about ∼15 m. At the Kosika section sediments derived from the Enotayevka regression are visible as a weakly developed palaeosol with evidence of surficial erosion, and these sediments are now dated to 13–12 ka. At 8.6 ± 0.5 ka, during the period of the Mangyshlak regression, aeolian deflation processes reworked sediments deposited by immediately preceding Late Khvalynian transgression.     

Deposition of coal-bearing measures and coal accumulation under marine transgression ＇events＇ in North China epicontinental sea basin

In recent years, studies show that coal formed during marine transigression process is also important in coal accumulation basin. Still, the characteristics of coal formation is more clearly demonstrated by the coal formation in TST in the sequence stratigraphic framework. Based on the study of the characteristics of coal formation in epicontinental coal accumulation basin, the viewpoint that coal was formed under marine transgression was put forward by the authors and the mechenism thereof was also analyized. Marine transgression resulted in the forming of swamp and then the peat swamp. And the transgression later on put the peat formed in advance in deep water environment to form coal in the end. The important stratigraphic horrizons, such as coal seams, marine facies layers, formed with marine transgression are of the property of isochronism.     

A late eocene-early Oligocene transgressive event in the Golfo San Jorge basin: Palynological results and stratigraphic implications

A new Cenozoic dataset in the subsurface of the South Flank of the Golfo San Jorge Basin (Santa Cruz province) allowed to identify a non-previously recognized transgressive event of late Eocene to early Oligocene age. Below of a marine succession containing a dinoflagellate cyst assemblage that characterizes the C/G palynological zone of the Chenque Formation (early Miocene), a 80–110 m thick marine succession contains a palynological assemblage integrated by Gelatia inflata, Diphyes colligerum and Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata supporting the occurrence of a marine incursion in the basin during the Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT). The new lithostratigraphic unit - here defined as El Huemul Formation – covers in sharp contact to the Sarmiento Formation, and become thinner from East to West; the unit has been identified in about 1800 well logs covering up to 3500 km², and its subsurface distribution exceed the boundaries of the study area. The El Huemul Formation consists of a thin lag of glauconitic sandstones with fining-upward log motif, followed by a mudstone-dominated succession that coarsening-upward to sandstones, evidencing a full T-R cycle. Preservation of the El Huemul Formation in the subsurface of the South Flank has been favored by the reactivation of WNW-ESE late Cretaceous normal faults, and by the generation of N–S striking normal faults of Paleocene-Eocene age. Flexural loading associated to igneous intrusions of Paleocene?- middle Eocene age also promoted the increase of subsidence in the South Flank of the basin prior to the transgression.     

东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组边缘海-浅海相识别与油气储层

东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组有无海相沉积久争不决。痕迹学、沉积学和古生物学综合研究,识别出那里存在海退与海进层序。海退层序在开31井3 553.30 m和3 552.70 m处分别见到压扁层理、双泥披(double clay drapes)。3 551.70 m处,出现丘状交错层理(表现为洼槽状向上弯曲平行纹理和凸起状向上弯曲平行纹理),显示前滨和临滨环境。3 551.50 m处,代表后滨环境的植物根迹出现,完成一个海退层序。另一个海退层序出现在新胡4井,从见到海相痕迹化石Diplocraterion、Palaeophycos、Terebellina开始(2 969.10 m;2 966.40 m)到出现植物根迹(2 931.93 m)结束。以上两个海退层序反映东濮凹陷沙四段沉积期,海水影响所及,仅限于边缘海的前滨和临滨深度范围。与海退层序不同,海进层序显示海水显著加深。文72-104井指示三角洲边缘海湾环境的痕迹化石Teichichnus(3 146 m),过渡带痕迹Rhizocoralliun(3 109.28 m)至滨外生物痕迹Zoophycos(3 050.10 m),记录到一次具有滨外环境的海进过程。开34井3 424 m至3 260 m依次出现透镜层理、植物根迹、透镜层理、羽状交错层理,解释为前滨环境。3 267~3 260 m由压扁层理(3 267.00 m)双向前积层理(3 266.81 m)为标志的前滨环境到具有Thalassinoides(3 266.25 m)、Macaronichnos痕迹化石所指示的临滨环境,再到生物扰动达70%并具颗石藻所代表的滨外浅海环境,结束一次海进过程。海进层序被固底底质控制痕迹相所指示的沉积不连续界面所限定,有利于不整合圈闭的形成。     

渤海西南岸全新世最大海侵界线及其地貌特征

结合钻孔与探地雷达探测古海相层尖灭点的测量方法与图像处理原则,本研究在沿渤海西南岸分布的8个相关钻孔附近开展了探测,经图像处理、与钻孔对比分析以及在特征位置钻探浅钻的方式,获得了5处最大海侵尖灭点的位置、地层剖面形态以及高程等信息.结合6ka B.P.、2ka B.P.左右和现代黄河流路变迁史及沿岸贝壳堤分布情况,揭示了最大海侵时期小清河向北至漳卫新河范围主要为古黄河形成的广阔三角洲潮滩地貌,海侵线远离海岸线深入内陆,其上的贝壳堤形成主要与黄河流路变迁相关;而渤海湾西南岸黄骅、沧州附近及以北主要为沼泽-潟湖-沙坝海岸地貌特征,海侵线由潟湖的陆侧边缘向海逐渐推进,沿岸分布的6ka B.P.左右贝壳堤的形成则是基于沿岸堤,并伴随风暴作用发育而来.莱州湾南岸依据埋藏古河道古湖泊的分布情况,推断该区全新世最大海侵前后具有与现代相似的海岸地貌特征,海侵时,海水直抵当时最大高潮线附近,使得海岸线与海侵线几乎相当.依据剖面地形校正结果可知,最大海侵时,海水侵入内陆至现代地表高程5.8～ 10.3m范围,后期新构造运动造成的隆起与下沉的区域差异,使得不同区域海侵层高程发生相应的变化,该结果为进一步估算海平面变化提供重要基础.     

渤海南部莱州湾晚更新世以来沉积演化特征

晚更新世以来渤海南部莱州湾发生了3次重要海侵-海退事件及沉积演化过程,渤海南部多源河流三角洲对莱州湾沉积环境改变作用明显。本文选择莱州湾剖面进行沉积地层对比,结合调查资料和测试数据,初步建立莱州湾沉积地层格架,分析晚更新世以来莱州湾沉积演化过程。研究发现,渤海南部中小河流与黄河泥沙为莱州湾沉积物的共同物质来源,二者在不同阶段分别对莱州湾沉积演化起主导作用。提出本区沉积地层具有分期性、分段性和相关性规律。在124.6~72.0 ka B.P.,60.0~24.4 ka B.P.和10.2~4.0 ka B.P.出现过3次暖湿期,分别对应沧州海侵、献县海侵和黄骅海侵,主要发育滨浅海相沉积,向南退积为三角洲/潮坪—河流沉积;由陆向海,短源河流沉积贡献降低,黄河沉积贡献增加。在72.0~60.0 ka B.P.和24.4~10.2 ka B.P.出现2次冷干期,分别对应玉木早冰期和玉木晚冰期,河流相发育,三角洲进积。受海陆交互作用影响,晚更新世以来渤海南部莱州湾大致经历了浅海相—三角洲—潮坪—浅海相—三角洲—陆相的沉积演化。     

滇中昆阳磷矿成矿时代及沉积环境Re-Os同位素示踪研究

川滇黔地区下寒武地层中广泛分布一系列磷矿床,其中滇中昆阳磷矿是我国下寒武统梅树村期黑色页岩中规模最大的海相沉积型磷矿床,其成矿时代以及沉积环境对于矿床成因研究以及区域找矿具有重要意义。Re-Os同位素不仅能够对富有机质沉积岩地层进行直接定年,而且还能为物质来源及沉积环境示踪提供一种有效的技术手段。本文对昆阳磷矿中谊村段磷块岩和石岩头段黑色页岩开展热表面电离质谱法Re-Os同位素示踪及定年探索性研究,获得了石岩头段黑色页岩Re-Os等时线年龄为521.9±5.4Ma,直接限定了昆阳磷矿黑色页岩沉积时代。磷块岩187Os/188Os初始比值为0.6576~0.7671,黑色页岩187Os/188Os初始比值为0.887,另外磷块岩187Re/188Os值为2.582~240.5,而上覆黑色页岩187Re/188Os值为96.24~341.8,而且磷块岩、黑色页岩微量元素δEu和δCe值在垂向剖面上显示由低变高的变化特征,这些证据表明昆阳磷矿形成正处于大陆快速剥蚀时期,指示大量陆源碎屑汇入海洋参与成岩-成矿过程。综合前人研究,本文认为,在寒武纪,大气氧含量快速升高,加剧陆壳风化,大量高放射性陆源Os的输入造成该时期内187Os/188Os初始比值逐渐升高。另外由于全球海平面上升,导致滇中早寒武世梅树村组沉积期古海洋环境由浅水氧化向深水还原逐渐过渡,而昆阳磷矿形成于该阶段海进旋回沉积早期。