Me against we: In-group transgression,collective shame,and in-group-directed hostility

People can experience great distress when a group to which they belong (in-group) is perceived to have committed an immoral act. We hypothesised that people would direct hostility toward a transgressing in-group whose actions threaten their self-image and evoke collective shame. Consistent with this theorising, three studies found that reminders of in-group transgression provoked several expressions of in-group-directed hostility, including in-group-directed hostile emotion (Studies 1 and 2), in-group-directed derogation (Study 2), and in-group-directed punishment (Study 3). Across studies, collective shame—but not the related group-based emotion collective guilt—mediated the relationship between in-group transgression and in-group-directed hostility. Implications for group-based emotion, social identity, and group behaviour are discussed.     

塔里木盆地石炭系碳酸盐岩同位素地球化学特征

从塔里木盆地石炭系碳酸盐岩的δ13C(‰PDB)为-4.68‰～+6.7‰,δ18O(‰PDB)为-9.72‰～-1.8‰来看,基本上属海相环境,从塔北经满西至巴楚地区,石炭系碳酸盐岩沉积时受淡水和陆源有机碳影响逐渐减少。经计算,石炭系碳酸盐岩沉积时的平均古水温为25℃,说明海水较温暖。碳酸盐岩87Sr/86Sr平均值为0.70860,纵向上生屑灰岩段87Sr/86Sr平均值为0.70854,标准灰岩段为0.70821,小海子灰岩段为0.70794,说明石炭纪海侵规模不断增大,海水深度不断增加。平面上由西向东北方向87Sr/86Sr比值增大,说明石炭纪海侵是由西向东侵入的。     

陆表海盆地海侵事件成煤作用机制分析

研究了含煤地层中海侵事件沉积序列,即海侵沉积与煤层直接接触的组合特点,总结了海侵事件和海侵事件成煤特点,提出了陆表海聚煤盆地海侵事件成煤作用理论及海侵事件成煤机制。研究表明,陆表海盆地充填沉积序列中,既有海退成煤作用又有海侵成煤作用发生,而且,海侵事件为陆表海盆地海平面变化的典型特色,海侵的突发性是海侵事件的基本属性,其沉积具有等时性。海侵事件导致盆地事件型聚煤作用发生。本文还深入讨论了海侵事件成煤机制及其在含煤地层层序地层界面识别、层序地层单元划分的重要意义和作用。     

Holocene aridity and storm phases, Gulf and Atlantic coasts, USA

A bottomland flora that prevailed between 9900 and 6000 cal yr B.P. in a North Carolina stream valley may not reflect a regionally much wetter Atlantic climate, coeval with record drought in the Great Plains region and assumed dry Gulf coastal conditions. Such conditions were inferred for 6000 ± 1000 yr ago when the Bermuda High may have consistently occupied summer positions far to the NE. Arid episodes coeval with the Little River local wet interval are known from eolian sediments and pollen spectra in the Atlantic and the Gulf coastal plain. For multiple reasons, the regional extent, intensity, and duration of coastal aridity and alternating wet phases and the Bermuda High positions are not yet adequately constrained. The climate and edaphic causes for the steadily growing predominance of southern pines over hardwoods, achieved between 8900 and 4200 cal yr B.P. at different sites at different times are similarly still unresolved. New data from Shelby Lake, AL, reconfirms that no credible field or other proxy evidence exists for a previously postulated “catastrophic Gulf hurricane phase” in the late Holocene.     

太湖平原全新世海侵与太湖成因

从太湖平原普遍分布的全新统海侵层,说明太湖曾是浅水海湾;而全新统泥炭层与古遗址的分布、堆积等特点,则从不同的侧面证明本区曾经海侵。所以现代太湖是海湾——泻湖型湖泊。     

下辽河平原和辽东半岛海岸带晚更新世以来的海侵

本文根据钻孔资料、¹⁴C测年数据、微体古生物及孢粉组合特征,讨论了研究区晚更新世以来海侵的次数、规模、时间以及岸线变化。     

塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩层序地层学研究

塔里木盆地下古生界寒武系－下奥陶统沉积横向上包括了台地至盆地型的碳酸盐岩沉积，厚约３０００－５０００ｍ．从地震反射上可划分为三个体系域；低水位期体系域为一套向东呈楔形发散的中振幅反射结构，分布范围仅在盆地的东北部，海进期体系域为一套的１００－１５０ｍｓ的中－强振幅高连续性反射，平面呈席状，在盆地的大范围分布，高水位期体系域为一套１ｓ厚的反射层，根据反射结构可进一步划保持型和追赶型两种碳酸盐岩体系，     

The taking of adult roles in middle childhood.

The relationship of reaction to transgression of adolescents and reaction to transgression in their families when they were age 5 was investigated. The Ss are part of a follow-up study (7 years later) on patterns of child rearing (Sears et al., 1957). Imitation of attitudes towards transgression was strongest in Ss whose families were highly nurturant. Sex differences in modes of acquiring rule-enforcing attitudes were found. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

国家赔偿归责原则的实证分析

从侵权法的角度考察,我国国家赔偿制度中的违法归责原则属"主观违法",这一认识可以克服违法归责原则的局限性:将违法视为行政机关对各类为其设置注意义务的法规范的违反,从而扩大了违法归责原则的适用范围,但该原则仍然存有无法克服的局限.在分析法学的"主客观法律秩序理论"的分析框架下,过错归责原则意味着对主、客观法律秩序的双重违反,而无过错归责原则仅仅是对客观法律秩序的违反.完善我国国家赔偿归责原则的根本出路,在于以过错归责原则取代目前的违法归责原则,并将无过错原则确立为辅助性的原则.     

中国东部第三系陆相沉积中的甲藻甾烷：海侵指相的标志物？

通过对我国东部盆地洪泽凹陷和临清坳限德州凹陷第三系相沉积泥岩中生物标志物分析，检测到了丰富的甲藻甾烷异构体和２４－正丙基胆甾烷。结合它们的分布特征与产出的地层微体古生物资料，笔者推断它们可能是海侵作用的产物。