药用真菌桑黄的研究进展

以近年来国内外发表的文献为依据 ,从形态特征、生物学生长特性、主要化学成分、药理学研究等方面综述了文献中称为“桑黄”[包括 :鲍氏针层孔菌 (Phellinusbaumii)、火木针层孔菌 (P .igniarius)、裂蹄针层孔菌 (P .linteus) 3种 ]的药用菌子实体、发酵菌丝体、发酵胞外物的研究进展。结果 :桑黄的人工栽培 (日本、韩国学者采用的室外荫棚段木埋畦栽培法 ) ,固体、液体发酵培养均已获成功。其主要化学成分是子实体、菌丝体多糖以及发酵液中的胞外多糖 ,此外还有黄酮及其衍生物、香豆素类、甾醇类化合物。其子实体、菌丝体及提取物 (主要为多糖 )、胞外多糖在抗发炎、抗氧化、抑制肿瘤生成、增强免疫力、保护肝脏、预防和治疗关节炎等方面有显著的功效。桑黄的各种产品 (包括 :子实体、菌丝体微粉末、提取物浸膏、桑黄茶、桑黄口服液等 )市场需求量很大 ,表明桑黄有广阔的发展前景。     

吉林省针层孔属的初步研究

本文报道了吉林省针层孔属(Phellinus)的21种,其中新种2个:丁香针层孔(P.syringeus Zeng sp.nov.);硬盖针层孔(P.scleropilcatus Zeng sp.nov.);国内新纪录种3个(并一种为新组合):黄肉针层孔[P.rhabarbarinus(Berk.)Cunningh.];厚黑针层孔[P.euerhartii(Ell.&Gall)Ames];粗糙针层孔[P.rudis(Berk.)Zeng comb.nov.]。     

Polysaccharides isolated from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phellinus baumii</Emphasis> stimulate murine splenocyte proliferation and inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 murine macrophages

Polysaccharides isolated from Phellinus baumii (PBP) significantly enhanced both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B lymphocyte proliferation and concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T lymphocyte proliferation. However, PBP (12.5–100 μg ml⁻¹) significantly suppressed the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The maximal inhibition of PBP on NO production was 37.5% at 100 μg ml⁻¹. These results provide useful in vitro information to explain the immunostimulating activity and anti-inflammatory activity of PBP.     

Phellinus setifer sp. nov. andP. acontextus, two noteworthy polypores from temperate areas of Japan, with notes on their allies

Type examination ofTrametes gilvoides revealed that it is distinct from the fungus hitherto known asPhellinus gilvoides in Japan.Phellinus setifer sp. nov. is described for the Japanese materials. This species is characterized by effusedreflexed basidiocarps with strigose pileus surface, often dentate dissepiments, subulate setae, and cylindrical basidiospores.Phellinus acontextus, known only from the type material collected in Nepal, is newly reported from Japan. This species is characterized by sessile and often pendent basidiocarps with multisulcate pileus surface, very thin context, lack of setae, and dark-colored basidiospores. Cultural characters of the two species are also described.Phellinus acifer comb. nov. is proposed.Phellinus contiguus andP. ferreus are newly reported from Japan.