白腐真菌SYBC-L2漆酶的分离纯化及其在毛纺染料脱色中的应用

经过硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-cellulose离子交换层析、SephacrylTMS-200柱层析,从白腐菌株Phellinus sp. SYBC-L2所产的漆酶中纯化得到电泳纯漆酶Lac3,其纯化倍数为28.27,回收率为14.76%.Lac3为一种糖蛋白,糖含量29.66%,SDS-PAGE表观分子量约为64.3 kD;其催化氧化DMP(2,6-Dimethoxyphenol)的表观Km值和Vmax分别为1.01 mmol/L和186.2 U/mg蛋白.Lac3的最适温度为60℃,最适pH为3.5;在30℃～50℃和pH 4.5～9.0范围内稳定.Cu2+、SO42-、CO32-对Lac3具有一定促进作用,而Fe3+、Fe2+、NO3-则具有抑制作用.色素的最佳脱色条件为(Lac3终浓度为2 U/ml):媒介元PV在温度50 ℃、pH值3.0的条件下反应2 h,脱色率可达95.10%;弱酸蓝在温度40 ℃、pH值4.0的条件下作用3 h,脱色率为75.09%.     

Biosynthesis of methyl chloride in the fungusPhellinus pomaceus

The biosynthetic origin of themethyl group in the methyl chloride produced by cultures ofPhellinus pomaceus (Pers.) Maire has been investigated using stable isotope labeled substrates. Feeding ofd-[6,6-²H₂] glucose,Dl-[3,3-²H₂] serine andl-[methyl-²H₃] methionine led to the production of deuterated methyl chloride in which the major labeled species contained 2, 2, and 3 deuterium atoms, respectively. The data are consistent with the methyl chloride produced by this organism being derived solely from methionine with retention of all of the methyl protons.Abbreviation SAM S-adenosylmethionine - FH₄ tetrahydrofolate - N⁵-CH₃FH₄ N⁵-methyltetrahydrofolate - B₁₂ cobalamin     

Impacts of a native root-rotting pathogen on successional development of old-growth Douglas fir forests

Because Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir), an early seral dominant in western Oregon forests, is particularly susceptible to the pathogenic root rot caused by the fungus Phellinus weirii, it was hypothesized that successional development in affected forests would be accelerated. The basal area of late successional tree species and common shrubs were compared inside and outside Phellinus weirii“infection centers”. Future successional impacts indirectly caused by disease presence were assessed by comparing the abundance of regenerating tree species inside and outside of these centers. Results for old-growth sites in the lower Cascades supported the initial hypothesis. The presence of Phellinus weirii at these sites appears to push changes in the late successional species basal area along the same trajectory. At the Coast Range sites, however, shrub growth was greatly enhanced rather than the growth of Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock), the only late successional tree species at these sites. Regeneration of trees was sparse in all areas and was negatively correlated with the basal area of existing western hemlock, and not directly correlated with the presence of the pathogen. However, because the basal area of western hemlock is influenced by the presence of disease in the Cascade sites, Phellinus weirii may be an influential indirect factor in the future successional direction of the sites. This study demonstrates the potential importance of native pathogens in determining the successional status of a community, as well as the importance of such biotic agents in the physical structure of multi-strata forested communities as a whole. Received: November 1996 / Accepted: 27 March 1997     

碱提水溶针裂蹄多糖R1的研究

从针裂蹄中用０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＯＨ提取得到一种水溶多糖Ｒ１,用超离心法、琼脂糖４Ｂ柱层析法证明Ｒ１为均一多糖;用气相色谱法证明Ｒ１为甘露聚糖,用红外光谱,气－质联用,高碘酸氧化,Ｓｍｉｔｈ降解,甲基化等方法证明Ｒ１,结构是主链１－６甘露糖,侧链１－３连接的葡萄糖。     

Structural elucidation of a 3-O-methyl-D-galactose-containing neutral polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Phellinus igniarius

PIP60-1, a novel heteropolysaccharide isolated from fruiting bodies of the medicinal fungus, Phellinus igniarius, has a molecular weight of 1.71 x 10(4)Da and is composed of L-fucose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose and 3-O-Me-D-galactose in a ratio of 1:1:1:2:1. A structural investigation of PIP60-1 carried out using sugar and methylation analyses, combined with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC and HMBC experiments, established the repeating unit of the polysaccharide as the following: [structure: see text]     

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms for examining genetic variability among isolates of Phellinus linteus

 Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from nine Japanese wild isolates of Phellinus linteus was carried out to examine their genetic variability. BamHI and EcoRI digests of mtDNAs from these isolates produced four and five distinct RFLP patterns, respectively. By combining the RFLP patterns obtained with the two endonucleases, mtDNAs from the nine isolates could be assigned to five different genotypes, but no mtDNA variation was detected among the isolates collected from a small area. Distance values calculated among all pairs of mtDNA genotypes, based on the presence or absence of comigrating restriction fragments, were clearly smaller than those among the mtDNA genotypes of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus samples collected worldwide, suggesting the necessity of collecting P. linteus wild isolates for genetic resources from geographically wider areas. Received: June 27, 2002 / Accepted: August 19, 2002 Correspondence to:T. Nakamura     

7种木层孔菌属真菌的培养特性*

描述了7种木层孔菌属 (Phellinus) 真菌的培养特性。它们是淡黄木层孔菌（P. gilvus）,火木层孔菌（P. igniarius）,裂蹄木层孔菌（P. linteus）,松木层孔菌（P. pini）,冷杉木层孔菌(P. pini var.abietis),苹果木层孔菌 (P. pomaceus) 和稀硬木层孔菌（P.robustus）。     

黑盖木层孔菌发酵液多糖的分离纯化及活性研究

黑盖木层孔菌发酵液醇沉得胞外粗多糖(PNM)。气相色谱分析PNM为一杂多糖,单糖组成为：木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖,质量比为0.05：0.63：0.31：1.00。PNM经冻融分级、Sevag法脱蛋白、Sepharose CL-6B柱层析得级分PNMⅠ,高效液相分析表明为单一级分,分子量约2.9×104。初步考察了PNM和PNMⅠ对小鼠离体淋巴细胞增殖的影响,二者都在400μg/ml时对淋巴细胞有极显著的增殖作用。     

La Flora E La Vegetazione Pel Capo S. Elia (Sardegna Meridionale)

Abstract

Morphological organization of the lomasomes. — From a study on morphological organization of the lomasomes, in Avena coleoptile cells, it has been reported: 1) lomasomes form is quite variable, nevertheless, usually they resemble to a cone having a flattened tip and the base line against the cellular wall. 2) the external border of the lomasoma towards the cytoplasm is represented by the plasma membrane; such external profile results very sinuous and deep invaginations are present. 3) the internal structure is characterized by the presence of an unstructurated matrix containing spherical vescicles, flattened vescicles and tubules all showing an higher density to the electron radiations than the cytoplasmic matrix. Both vescicles and tubules are delimited by a single membrane.     

Changes in quality of Phellinus gilvus mushroom by different drying methods

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in characteristics of the Phellinus gilvus mushroom as influenced by drying methods after harvest. The lowest weight loss rate of P. gilvus mushroom was 75.8% with drying in the shade and 80% by dryer (60°C). The size loss rate of pileus was 19.3% of that in a hot air dryer (60°C). The hardness of dried material context using a hot air dryer (60°C) was the lowest (20 kg/cm²), and that by a dry oven (60°C) was the highest (457 kg/m²). For ΔE value, 4.9 of context and 2.6 of tubes using drying in the shade (20°C) were found to be the lowest. The survival rate of sarcoma 180 treated with P. gilvus dried in the sun was the lowest (51.8%), and this was considered the most effective method for antitumor activity against sarcoma 180.