Antimutagenic activity of soybeans fermented with basidiomycetes in Ames/Salmonella test

Soybeans fermented with either Phellinus igniarius or Agrocybe cylindracea inhibited the mutagenicity of the directly-acting mutagens: 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine on Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 98 and NaN₃ on S. typhimurium strain TA 100; and indirectly-acting mutagens, 2-aminofluorene using strain TA 98 and benzo[a]pyrene using strain TA 100, in the presence of a supernatant solution from mammalian hepatic microsomes.     

采收期对代料栽培桑黄子实体活性成分含量和抗氧化活性的影响

桑黄孔菌属Sanghuangporus 是一类具有重要药用价值的大型真菌,目前被国际公认为抗肿瘤效果最好的真菌之一。本研究以桑黄孔菌属中的杨树桑黄Sanghuangporus vaninii、鲍姆桑黄S. baumii为研究对象,通过测定代料栽培原基形成后第30、45、60、75、90天子实体多糖、三萜、总黄酮、总酚含量和抗氧化活性（ABTS和FRAP）,探究采收期对桑黄子实体活性成分含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,除杨树桑黄三萜含量外,采收期对上述6个指标均产生了极显著的影响。在多糖含量上,鲍姆桑黄在原基形成后75d时急剧升至最大,在原基形成后90d时有所下降;而杨树桑黄在原基形成后45、60、75d均维持较高水平。在三萜含量上,鲍姆桑黄在原基形成后30d时即达最大值,此后缓慢下降,而杨树桑黄则不同采收期差异不显著。关于总黄酮含量、总酚含量和抗氧化活性（ABTS、FRAP）,鲍姆桑黄和杨树桑黄均在原基形成后30、45、60d维持较高水平,在原基形成后75、90d急剧下降。相关性分析结果表明,总黄酮含量、总酚含量、抗氧化活性（ABTS、FRAP）两两极显著正相关。鲍姆桑黄多糖含量与其上述4指标呈显著或极显著负相关,与三萜相关不显著。杨树桑黄多糖含量与其上述4指标相关不显著,与三萜含量呈显著负相关。主成分分析与聚类分析结果一致,表现为原基形成后30、45、60d的子实体聚为一类,原基形成后75、90d的子实体聚为另一类。适时采收,有利于桑黄活性成分含量和抗氧化活性的提升。研究结果为桑黄代料栽培适时采收、质量控制、药材质量综合评价提供了科学参考。     

Quantitative response of cell growth and polysaccharide biosynthesis by the medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus to NaCl in the medium

The effect of NaCl on cell growth and polysaccharide biosynthesis in the medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus was studied. With the increase of NaCl concentration between 1 g/l and 7 g/l in the culture medium, the cell growth and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) accumulation were decreased; extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) concentration was enhanced, with an increase of NaCl concentration from 1 g/l to 3 g/l. Under the optimum NaCl concentration of 3 g/l, the maximum EPS and IPS production reached 2.2±0.15 g/l and 53.6±2.45 mg/g DW on day 12, which improved 32.27% and decreased 16.89% compared to the control, respectively. Both EPS and IPS showed new polysaccharide components by fractionation with DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography compared to the control. The results presented in this study are considered helpful for further investigation on the diversity of polysaccharide biosynthesis of this medicinal fungus under NaCl environments.     

Structural characterization of an active polysaccharide from Phellinus ribis

A water-soluble polysaccharide named as PRP was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Phellinus ribis by hot water extraction, DEAE-cellulose and Superdex 30 column chromatography. Its structural characteristics were investigated by FT-IR, NMR spectroscopy, GLC-MS, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation. Based on the data obtained, PRP was found to be a β-d-glucan containing a (1 → 4), (1 → 6)-linked backbone, with a single β-d-glucose at the C-3 position of (1 → 6)-linked glucosyl residue every eight residues, along the main chain. The glucan has a weight-average molecular weight of about 8.59 kDa by HPGPC determination using dextran samples as the standards. Preliminary activity tests in vitro revealed that PRP could stimulate the proliferation of spleen lymphocyte.     

药用真菌桑黄液体深层发酵条件的优化

以菌丝体生物量和多糖产量为主要指标,对桑黄(鲍氏层孔菌)的深层发酵条件进行了优化,通过单因素试验和四因素三水平正交试验筛选出了桑黄液体发酵的培养基,结果表明,最适培养基为:葡萄糖5g/L,玉米粉40g/L,豆饼粉20g/L,KH2PO41.5g/L,MgSO41g/L。进一步通过培养条件的优化,得到最适菌丝体生长的液体发酵条件为:培养温度28℃,摇床转速140r/min,pH值自然,接种量10%,装液量100mL(250mL三角瓶),发酵周期132h。     

桑木层孔菌固体培养条件的研究

为了研究不同碳源、氮源、初始pH及培养温度对桑木层孔菌菌丝生长的影响,采用固体平板培养法研究了桑木层孔菌的培养条件,结果表明,该菌在淀粉为碳源时生长速度最快但长势较弱,在以葡萄糖和麦芽糖为碳源时生长速度比淀粉为碳源时稍慢,但长势最好;最适氮源为酵母浸粉;初始pH在5.5－8.0范围内变化时菌丝生长差异不大;培养温度在28－33℃范围内对菌丝生长有明显的促进作用。     

Reiteration in the Monodominant Tropical Tree Dicymbe corymbosa (Caesalpiniaceae) and its Potential Adaptive Significance

The tropical monodominant tree Dicymbe corymbosa reiterates via epicormic shoots and roots, resulting in multistemmed trees with complex pseudotrunks and root mounds. In 2 ha of primary forest on the Guiana Shield, we quantified the reiterative structure and aboveground soil development of 307 D. corymbosa individuals ≥ 10 cm dbh and investigated the potential adaptive significance of reiteration in terms of genet persistence and root exploitation of aboveground soil accumulations. We also investigated the incidence of the heart rot fungus Phellinus robustus in D. corymbosa and examined its relationship to the reiteration process. Large trees contained more and larger reiterations, greater trunk, root mound, and organic soil volumes, and a higher incidence of Phellinus than smaller trees. Roots and ectomycorrhizas were abundant in aboveground soils on the trees, occurred at higher densities than those of the surrounding forest floor, and may be important in recycling mineral nutrients. Stem turnover and reiteration were associated with Phellinus heart rot and appeared to be cumulative over time, resulting in persistent, structurally complex trees of indeterminate lifespan. Dicymbe corymbosa provides a rare example of a tree species that exploits both persistence and recruitment niches, as it successfully recruits through mast fruiting.     

Inhibition of cytochrome P450 isozymes in rat liver microsomes by polysaccharides derived from Phellinus linteus

Polysaccharides (0.5, 1 and 3 mg ml^–1) from cultured broth and mycelia of Phellinus linteus inhibited cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, CYP 1A2, CYP 2B1, and CYP 2E1 activities in rat liver microsomes. The polysaccharides from the broth of Phellinus linteus grown with 5% (v/v) mulberry extract had highest inhibitory potency for CYP 1A1, 1A2 and 2B1 activities. The most potent inhibitor of CYP 2E1 activity were the polysaccharides from the broth of Phellinus linteusgrown with 10% (v/v) mulberry extract.     

桑黄粗多糖除蛋白及抗肿瘤活性

旨在研究Sevag法除桑黄粗多糖中蛋白的最佳工艺,并通过噻唑蓝(MTT)细胞比色法测定除蛋白前后桑黄多糖的抗肿瘤活性。在单因素试验Sevag用量、氯仿与正丁醇体积比、萃取次数、震荡时间的基础上,设计正交试验,经过方差分析,确定Sevag法除桑黄粗多糖蛋白的最佳方案;并且对除蛋白后多糖与粗多糖进行体外抗肿瘤实验。Sevag法除桑黄粗多糖蛋白的最佳工艺:Sevag用量50 mL、V(氯仿)/V(正丁醇)=3、最佳萃取次数6次、最佳振荡时间20 min,在此条件下,多糖的得率为64.8%。体外细胞试验表明除蛋白后多糖与粗多糖对肿瘤细胞EC109和SiHa的抑制率没有明显差异。     

Laccase and Manganese Peroxidase Activities of Phellinus Robustus and Ganoderma Adspersum Grown on Food Industry Wastes in Submerged Fermentation

Phellinus robustus produced both laccase (700–4,000 U l⁻¹) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) (1,000–11,300 U l⁻¹) in fermentation of nine food wastes, whereas Ganoderma adspersum produced only laccase (600–34,000 U l⁻¹). Glucose provided high laccase and MnP activity of P. robustus but repressed enzyme production by G. adspersum. Ammonium sulphate and ammonium tartrate increased the P. robustus laccase yield (3-fold), whereas the accumulation of MnP was not enhanced by additional nitrogen.