针层孔菌属和嗜蓝孢孔菌属2新记录种(英文)

仲氏针层孔菌和假斑点嗜蓝孢孔菌为中国孔状木生真菌2新记录种。本文根据采集的标本材料提供了该2个种的详细描述和线条图。     

The in vitro anti-platelet,antioxidant and cellular immunity activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phellinus gilvus</Emphasis> fractional extracts

The in vitro anti-platelet and antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts from Phellinus gilvus (PG), and the effects of hot water extract from PG (PGW) on murine cellular immunity were investigated. Chloroform extract (CE), methanol extract (ME) and butanol extract (BE) from PG could significantly inhibit platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. Ethyl acetate extract (EAE), BE, ME from PG had significant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity compared with the control, and the EAE showed the highest effect with IC₅₀ values of 13.34 μg/ml, which is higher than that of ascorbic acid (40 μg/ml). In addition, EAE displayed the inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity with IC₅₀ value of 2.45 μg/ml. As to the cellular immunity activity, PGW could enhance both the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced B lymphocyte proliferation and concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. The phagocytosis of both peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 macrophage cells were also increased by the addition of PGW. Moreover, PGW was found to inhibit the nitric oxide (NO) production of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by LPS in a concentration-dependant manner.     

桑黄栽培子实体成分分析及其显微形态观察

采用扫描电子显微镜观察人工栽培桑黄子实体的显微形态及其结构,如菌管、子实层、担孢子、锥形刚毛及离散菌丝结构等。分析结果表明:桑黄幼嫩子实体中全氨基酸含量可达11.22%,是成熟子实体(4.28%)的2.62倍,其多糖含量(1.18%)也较成熟子实体(0.64%)高许多。其多糖组分主要为甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖,摩尔比分别为3.820:0.314:1.000(幼嫩子实体)和3.260:0.112:1.000(成熟子实体)。     

Bioconversion of starch processing waste to Phellinus linteus mycelium in solid-state cultivation

The objective of the experiment was to use starch processing waste as an alternative growth medium for cultivation of mycelia of the mushroom Phellinus linteus and to find an optimum condition under solid-state cultivation. Response surface analysis along with a central composite design was successfully applied to approximate the simultaneous effects of the substrate concentration (16-36 g l(-1)), pH (4.5-6.5), and temperature (25-35 degrees C) on the mycelial growth rate. In the model, pH and temperature significantly affected the mycelial growth but substrate concentration did not. The optimal substrate concentration, pH, and temperature for maximizing growth rate of P. linteus mycelia were found to be 16.5 g l(-1), pH 6.0, and 29.7 degrees C, respectively. Subsequent verification of these levels agreed with model predictions and the maximum mycelial growth rate at these conditions was 6.1 +/- 0.8 mm day(-1). Therefore, the results of the experiments suggest that starch processing waste could be utilized as a growth substrate for the cultivation of the mushroom mycelia of P. linteus, enhancing the usefulness of this byproduct of the starch manufacturing industry. This approach is likely to be useful for establishing similar parameters for the cultivation of other fungi.     

Optimization of medium composition for the production of exopolysaccharides from Phellinus baumii Pilát in submerged culture and the immuno-stimulating activity of exopolysaccharides

Optimization of medium composition for the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Phellinus baumii Pilát in submerged culture and the immuno-stimulating activity of EPS were carried out. Firstly, the medium components having significant effect on EPS production were screened out to be glucose, yeast extract and diammonium oxalate monohydrate by using a 2⁽⁷⁻³⁾ fractional factorial design. Secondly, the concentrations of the three factors were optimized using central composite design in response surface methodology. As results, a quadratic model was found to fit for EPS production, and the optimal medium composition was determined as following (g/l): 34.12 glucose, 4 peptone, 5.01 yeast extract, 0.88 diammonium oxalate monohydrate, 0.75 MgSO₄ and 1 KH₂PO₄ and 0.0075 thiamine (VB₁). A yield of 2.363 ± 0.04 g/l for EPS was observed in verification experiment. Finally, EPS from P. baumii Pilát was found to have direct immuno-stimulating activity in vitro on splenocyte proliferative response and acid phosphatase activity in peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner.     

营养物质对桑黄菌丝生物量及胞外多糖产量的影响

研究了不同碳源、氮源和无机盐对桑黄深层培养菌丝生物量和胞外多糖产量的影响,结果表明：在培养温度为26℃、摇床转速为160r／min、发酵时间为10d的条件下,以桑黄菌丝生物量为指标,最适碳源、氮源和无机盐分别是果糖或葡萄糖、酵母粉或酵母膏、KH2P04或MgSO4·7H2O;菌丝生物量分别达到1．51、1．31、1．69、1．52、1．52、1．36g／100mL;以胞外多糖为指标,最适碳源、氮源和无机盐分别是葡萄糖、酵母膏、ZnSO4·7H2O,胞外多糖产量分别达到0．49、0．45、0．22g／100mL。     

山野木层孔菌子实体中抑制H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的活性成分研究

采用梯度提取法对山野木层孔菌子实体进行提取,得到石油醚层、甲醇层及水层3 种提取物及石油醚层中获得化合物4,6,8(14),22(23)-四烯-3-酮-麦角甾烷,并采用H22 荷瘤小鼠进行体内抗肿瘤活性研究,以抑瘤率、免疫器官指数、免疫因子为指标检测抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,石油醚高剂量组（100mg/kg）、单体化合物中剂量组（7.5mg/kg）抑制率分别为62.21%、57.67%;脾指数、胸腺指数均高于对照组和环磷酰胺（CTX）组,白介素-2（IL-2）的含量明显高于对照组和环磷酰胺（CTX）组（P＜0.01）;肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量明显低于对照组（P＜0.01）。因此认为上述石油醚提取物和单体化合物对H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤有抑制作用,并且均能改善小鼠的免疫功能。     

中国木层孔菌属三个新记录种

报道了木层孔菌属Phellinus 3个中国新记录种。赤杨木层孔菌Phellinus alni典型特征为菌盖具有较宽的同心环带和清晰的密集环纹菌核;黑木层孔菌P. nigricans具有较大的担孢子;东方木层孔菌P. orienticus具有平伏的子实体,担孢子相对较小。对这3个种进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图。     

随机扩增多态性DNA技术在鲍氏层孔菌菌株鉴别中的应用

用20个随机引物对7个不同来源的鲍氏层孔菌菌株进行了RAPD分析．结果表明120个随机引物中,有17个引物的扩增产物DNA条带表现出明显的多态性,不同引物对供试菌株扩增出现的DNA条带数目少则10条,多达33条．DNA片段从250bp到2000bp;采用17个引物对7个鲍氏层孔菌菌株共扩增出DNA片段带377条,不同引物扩增出的DNA片段谱带存在较大差异．采用UPGMA系统聚类法,将7个菌株聚类为两大类,能直观准确地揭示菌株间的差异并加以鉴别．     

桑黄真菌分子鉴定及遗传多样性分析

药用真菌桑黄具有明显的抗肿瘤、抗氧化、增强免疫等药理活性,但研究者对其基源还没有达成共识,多种Phellinus属真菌被当作桑黄入药使用。采用rDNA ITS序列分析技术,对桑黄真菌进行分子鉴定及遗传多样性分析。通过rDNA ITS序列分析,成功鉴定出一份混淆样品(Phellinus spp-04),并将中国主要使用的桑黄真菌明确鉴定为P.baumii和P.linteus两种,未检测到P.igniarius的使用。依据rDNA ITS序列计算遗传距离并构建系统发育树,结果表明3种主要桑黄真菌存在明显的遗传分化,在系统发育树中明确聚为3个独立菌种类群。在3种桑黄真菌rDNA ITS序列中,存在颠换、转换及插入/缺失3种类型的变异位点,分别在P.linteus、P.baumii和P.igniarius中鉴定出9、9、8种rDNA ITS单倍型序列,不同单倍型菌种间遗传分歧度变化表现出明显的物种差异性。