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21.
With its rich artifact collections of the Paleolithic, archaeologists use a variety of methods to derive information on human technological behavior from this period. This article reviews the development of lithic analysis, including the birth and evolutionary process of lithic typology. As well the origin, problems and use of the cha?ne opératoire are also discussed. A techno-economical approach is also introduced. Author stress whatever macro-typology, cha?ne opératoire, microwear, residue analysis, is necessary to assess human behavior. Intergrating different methods in lithic analysis is the future direction.. 相似文献
22.
Eric Buffetaut 《Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France》2017,187(1):41-53
In 1860, the French geologist and palaeontologist Auguste Bravard (1803-1861) circulated a small number of copies of a hand-written and lithographed catalogue of the fossils he had collected in various parts of Argentina over a period of about eight years. Although the existence of this catalogue has been mentioned by various authors, it has never been really published in full. A facsimile reproduction is provided here. The contents of the catalogue and reactions to them are discussed, with special attention to comments in the correspondence between Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin. These comments were largely about Bravard’s identification among his fossils from Argentina of the genera Palaeotherium and Anoplotherium, well known components of the Late Eocene mammal fauna from the Montmartre gypsum, in the Paris Basin. This identification was later shown to be erroneous by Gervais, Burmeister and Ameghino. Bravard’s catalogue also includes what appears to be the first mention of fossil giant ground birds (Phorusrhacidae) in South America.https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.187.1.41 相似文献
23.
杨先腾;张洪;罗殿中;程徽;肖凯;张振东;马英 《中华骨科杂志》2017,37(15):942-951
目的 探讨股骨头缩小成形术治疗青少年大头髋或扁平髋畸形的有效性与安全性。 方法 2012年6月至2015年9月应用股骨头缩小成形术治疗青少年发育性大头髋畸形（coxa magna）或扁平髋畸形（coxa plana）患者12例13髋,男6例7髋,女6例6髋;年龄10~25岁,平均18.1岁。6髋为多发骨骺发育不良,7髋为Legg-Calvé-Perthes病后遗扁平髋畸形。采用髋关节外科脱位入路及支持带软组织瓣延长技术,9髋行髋臼周围旋转截骨术+股骨颈相对延长+股骨头缩小成形术、4髋行髋臼周围旋转截骨术+股骨颈相对延长+股骨头缩小成形+股骨近端去旋转截骨术。均行标准的术后康复锻炼计划。观察术后并发症、髋关节活动度、步态情况,测量股骨头圆形指数、髋关节外侧CE角、股骨头覆盖率等X线指标,采用Harris髋关节评分、iHOT评分对髋关节功能进行评估,以疼痛VAS评分评估手术前后的疼痛状态。 结果 术后随访12~45个月,平均28.8个月。所有患者股骨头截骨处及其他截骨部位均愈合,愈合时间3~7个月,平均3.7个月。9例跛行患者的步态均有明显改善。Harris髋关节评分由术前（81.08±12.36）分提高至末次随访的（88.38±8.96）分,差异有统计学意义（ t=2.41, P=0.033）。iHOT评分由术前（51.90±15.07）分提高至末次随访的（67.69±8.70）分,差异有统计学意义（ t=3.63, P=0.003）。疼痛VAS评分由术前（4.46±2.37）分降低至末次随访的（1.23±0.93）分,差异有统计学意义（ t=4.25, P=0.001）。髋关节活动度术前264.62°±32.05°,末次随访时255.00°±40.31°,差异无统计学意义（ t=0.89, P=0.391）。骨盆正位X线片上股骨头圆形指数由术前71.08%±10.32%升高至术后81.22%±8.61%,差异有统计学意义（ t=7.17, P=0.000）;股骨头覆盖率由术前48.79%±11.85%增加至术后87.46%±10.44%,差异有统计学意义（ t=8.56, P=0.000）;髋关节外侧CE角由术前-1.82°±16.57°增加至术后36.02°±7.72°,差异有统计学意义（ t=10.52, P=0.000）。髋65°假斜位X线片上股骨头圆形指数术前78.96%±10.39%,术后80.36%±8.42%,差异无统计学意义（ t=0.411, P=0.688）。1例出现股骨头外上部分局部坏死,随访3年坏死无进展。无一例患者因股骨头坏死、骨关节炎、髋部疼痛、骨不愈合而接受关节置换或再次翻修手术。 结论 应用股骨头缩小成形术矫正股骨头大头或扁平畸形,能修复股骨头圆度、有效改善步态、缓解疼痛症状、提高髋关节功能,方法安全有效,近期疗效满意。 相似文献
24.
P. Bartoli;S. Mas-Coma 《Parasite (Paris, France)》2016,64(2):100-109
25.
P. Ambroise-Thomas 《Parasite (Paris, France)》2016,65(1):83-88
Molecular biology techniques have contributed, in the last ten years, to a better understanding of parasitic diseases. DNA probes, for example, have been successfully used not only for taxonomic purposes, but also for the diagnosis, the epidemiology and the pathogenicity of these infections. Due to their high sensitivity and specificity, the DNA probes allow, from a diagnostic point of view, the detection of wery few of parasites in a given sample. This detection is also valid for any parasitic stage considered. It can be specially used to detect the infective stage in the vector, which, in epidemiological studies, is very important. The identification of parasitic species or sub-species indicates the human infectivity of species considered in the past as zoophilie. Finally, by allowing the specific identification of strains, isolates or even particular clones, the DNA probes also show differences which can be related to pathogenicity, to particular biological characteristics, or even to drug sensitivity. In this review, I relate the main results obtained in malaria and toxoplasmosis in our laboratory in Grenoble. I will also consider some recent data on amoebiasis, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, filariasis, schistosomiasis and echinococcosis. 相似文献
26.
Y. A. Fontaine;N. Le Belle;E. Lopez;B. Querat;B. Vidal;L. Barthélémy;P. Sebert;J. Alinat;A. J. Petter 《Parasite (Paris, France)》2016,65(2):64-68
Nematodes of the species Anguillicola crassus were found in abundance in the swimbladder of silver eels caught in a pond in northern France («Somme») and in the Seine river (in Paris). Populations from western France («Loire-Atlantique») were not infested in March 1989. We have confirmed the short term nematocide effect of Levamisol on worms present in the swimbladder. However living parasites were observed 3 months after the treatment. Acclimatization to sea water of infested eels appears to occur normally and without clearcut incidence on the parasitosis. Experiments of compression in a hyperbaric caisson and of deep sea immersion did not demonstrate any dastric effect of the parasitosis on the ability of the eels to acclimatize to sea water and hydrostatic pressure, at least until 60 atmospheres. 相似文献
27.
According to some of our experiments, in adult Schistosoma mansoni , the existence of receptors able to bind the molecules of 17 β-estradiol might explain the protective power of this hormone in the experimental Schistosoma mansoni parasitosis in the mice and in the hamster. 相似文献
28.
A. F. Pétavy;S. Deblock;C. Prost 《Parasite (Paris, France)》2016,65(1):22-27
In the course of an epidemiological survey concerning the alveolar echinococcosis and its causative agent, Echinococcus multilocularis , the autopsies of 150 wild red foxes captured in the department of the Haute-Savoie between December 1983 and August 1988 disclosed 139 cases of intestinal helminthiasis with cestodes and nematodes ; no trematode was found. Multiple infections were frequent. The cestoda recorded consist of the following species: Taenia crassiceps : 44 cases (29 %) ; Echinococcus multilocularis : 34 cases (23 %) ; Taenia polyacantha : 22 cases (14 %) ; Mesocestoides litteratus : 7 cases (4,6 %) ; Amoebotaenia paradoxa : 1 case (0,6 %). The Nematoda concerned are: Uncinaria stenocephala : 79 cases (52 %) ; Toxocara canis : 67 cases (44 %) ; Toxascaris leonina : 16 cases (10 %); Trichuris vulpis : 12 cases (8 %); Pterygodermatites affinis : 8 cases (5 %) ; Trichostrongyloidea sp. : 5 cases (3 %). The animals were not examined for Trichinella spiralis . The results are compared with those observed anteriorly in the province of Auvergne (France). 相似文献
29.
L. Gern;Z. Zhu;A. Aeschlimann 《Parasite (Paris, France)》2016,65(2):89-93
The development and modes of transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi during blood feeding of Ixodes ricinus were evaluated. Our results show that during the slow engorgement phase, the Lyme disease spirochete, B. burgdorferi ingested two hours before a blood meal or transmitted transstadially from the nymphs, multiplies in the midgut lumen of I. ricinus females. The deeper parts of the midgut diverticula appeared to be the preferred sites for this spirochete. In some gut-infected ticks, a few spirochetes can penetrate the midgut wall and induce a systemic infection, while the overwhelming majority of spirochetes persist in the midgut. Presence of B. burgdorferi in hemocoel, and in both acini and ducts of the salivary glands, leads us to suppose a salivary transmission of this spirochete by I. ricinus females.https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1990652089 相似文献
30.
周斌;杨玉;周二强 《中华实用儿科临床杂志》2009,24(20):1613-1615
位于X及Y染色体的短臂的假常染色体区（PAR）的矮小同源盒（SHOX）基因是一个近年来发现导致矮小症的基因之一。其编码蛋白作为转录激活因子在促进生长中起重要调控作用。现已证实,人类SHOX基因突变与Léri - Weill综合征、Turner综合征及特发性矮小的生长障碍及特征性骨骼畸形有关。现对SHOX基因缺陷、临床表型及治疗作一综述。 相似文献
