港西三区聚合物/表活剂二元驱注入方式优化研究

化学剂注入方式对提高油藏采收率幅度有着重大的指导作用。为了确定大港油田港西三区油藏最佳的化学剂注入方式,提高其开发效果。针对均质和非均质多孔介质模型,分别设计了7种注入方式的室内流动实验。结果表明:与聚合物驱、表活剂驱相比聚合物/表活剂二元驱注入方式提高采收率的幅度更大;二元驱在均质模型中,其提高采收率幅度为18.1%,高于其他注入方式;在非均质模型中,为21.93%,高于其他注入方式;其在非均质模型高于非均质模型3.83%,更适合于非均质模型。聚合物、表活剂小断塞交替注入方式能够有效降低注入压力。对于改善港西三区油藏采油效果的调整措施,首选二元驱注入方式,其次采用聚合物、表活剂小断塞交替注入方式。     

含纳米颗粒的黏弹性表面活性剂泡沫压裂液性能

为了实现低压、低渗、强水敏等非常规油气资源的高效开发,研究了纳米颗粒在高温条件下对黏弹性表面活性剂(VES)泡沫压裂液的性能影响。压裂液体系中以阳离子表面活性剂作为起泡剂,将亲水型纳米SiO_2颗粒和黏弹性的蠕虫状胶束加入到基液中,从而对泡沫的稳定和压裂液的增黏起到协同作用,最终提高了压裂液的高温抗剪切性、黏弹性、稳定性和悬砂性。实验结果表明,含有纳米SiO_2颗粒的VES泡沫压裂液配制简单、成本较低,抗高温能力达到120℃,能在地层条件下自动破胶,在90℃下的半衰期接近80 min。与常规压裂液相比,含纳米颗粒的VES泡沫压裂液性能提高显著,对于特殊油气藏的开发极具潜力。     

Effect of anionic-nonionic mixed surfactant on ryegrass uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene from water

The effect of anionic-nonionic mixed surfactant (SDBS-TX100) on the uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene by ryegrass in a hydroponic system was studied, and the influence factors including the com-positions and concentrations of mixed surfactants and the compounds properties were also discussed. The results showed that SDBS-TX100 mixtures with certain compositions and concentrations could enhance the uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene by ryegrass, which could be attributed to the im-proved uptake capacity of ryegrass roots for phenanthrene and pyrene. SDBS-TX100 can enhance the uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene by ryegrass in a wider range of surfactant concentrations (0―0.8 mmol/L) in comparison with corresponding single surfactants, and the maximal contents of phenan-threne and pyrene in ryegrass roots were obtained with the concentrations of SDBS-TX100 around the corresponding critical micelle concentrations. The uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene by ryegrass increased with the increasing mole fraction of SDBS in mixed surfactant solutions, and SDBS-TX100 mixture with a mole ratio of SDBS to TX100 at 9:1 had the greatest capacity in enhancing the uptake of phenanthrene and pyrene, at which the corresponding maximal concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene in ryegrass roots were 216 and 8.16 times those without surfactants, respectively. Results from this study indicate that the anionic-nonionic mixed surfactants (SDBS-TX100) would be a preferred selection for the application of surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation technology to contaminated soils.     

水性环氧脂-丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备及防腐性能

以环氧树脂E20和亚麻油酸,制得中间体环氧脂(PGE);以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)、苯乙烯为单体,以二乙二醇丁醚和丙二醇甲醚为分散体系,制得丙烯酸酯大分子表面活性剂(PAE),用PAE乳化中间体PGE制得环氧脂PGE-PAE复合乳液。讨论了中间体PAE中分散体系含量对漆膜表干时间和黏度的影响; PGE与PAE质量比对乳液粒径、漆膜物理性能及漆膜防腐性能、耐热性能的影响。结果表明制PGE-PAE复合乳液最佳配比:PAE中分散体系含量为20%,PGE与PAE质量比为2∶1; PGE-PAE-c复合乳液平均粒径为282. 0 nm,PDI为0. 048;可在水中无限分散,稳定存放6个月以上;漆膜表干时间小于2 h,硬度为2H,附着力为0级,防腐性能可达72 h以上;胶膜在SEM和AFM观察下平整致密。     

EQCM研究表面活性剂对金电极电化学行为的影响

利用电化学石英微天平（ＥＱＣＭ）,研究了表面活性剂在金电极上的吸附及其对金电极氧化还原过程的影响⒚结果表明：不同的表面活性剂在金电极上吸附能力不同,对金的氧化还原过程产生不同的影响⒚十八烷基三甲基溴化铵易在金电极表面吸附,更易在氧化态金表面吸附,阻碍了金的氧化还原⒚相比之下,十二烷基磺酸钠在金电极上吸附能力较弱,在氧化态金形成后还有些脱落,对金电极的氧化还原影响不大⒚ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００介于以上两种表面活性剂之间⒚还对金电极在磷酸缓冲液中的氧化还原机理作了初步探讨