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排序方式: 共有9195条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Measured attenuation correction methods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hermann Ostertag Wolfgang K. Kübler Josef Doll Walter J. Lorenz 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1989,15(11):722-726
Accurate attenuation correction is a prerequisite for the determination of exact local radioactivity concentrations in positron emission tomography. Attenuation correction factors range from 4–5 in brain studies to 50–100 in whole body measurements. This report gives an overview of the different methods of determining the attenuation correction factors by transmission measurements using an external positron emitting source. The long-lived generator nuclide68Ge/68Ga is commonly used for this purpose. The additional patient dose from the transmission source is usually a small fraction of the dose due to the subsequent emission measurement. Ring-shaped transmission sources as well as rotating point or line sources are employed in modern positron tomographs. By masking a rotating line or point source, random and scattered events in the transmission scans can be effectively suppressed. The problems of measured attenuation correction are discussed: transmission/emission mismatch, random and scattered event contamination, counting statistics, transmission/emission scatter compensation, transmission scan after administration of activity to the patient. By using a double masking technique simultaneous emission and transmission scans become feasible.This article was presented at the 1st EEC workshop on accuracy determination in PET, January 19–20th. 1989 Pisa, Italy (COMAC-BME Concerted Project Characterization and Standardization of PET Instrumentation) 相似文献
92.
目的:探讨发作间期18F脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)正电子发射断层扫描(PET)和99mTc已撑半胱氨酸(ECD)单光子发射断层扫描(SPECT)对难治性颞叶癫痫(TLE)的定位诊断价值。方法:53例脑电图(EEG)定位明确的难治性TLE患者分别行发作间期18FFDGPET和99mTcECDSPECT检查。其中21例磁共振(MRI)显示有结构性病变并与EEG定位结果一致。结果:MRI异常组均在PET和SPECT相应部位出现低代谢和低灌注表现。MRI正常组,PET定位准确率为84%,显著高于SPECT的56%(P<005)。结论:对于无结构性病变的颞叶癫痫,发作间期PET检查有较高的定位诊断价值,SPECT的临床意义相对较小。 相似文献
93.
Sarcoma of follicular dendritic cells in the dorsal mediastinum 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Follicular dendritic cell sarcomas (FDCSs) are very rare and usually originate in lymph nodes. We report an exceedingly rare case with localization in the dorsal mediastinum and, for the first time, provide positron emission tomography (PET) data for this tumor. This report describes the case of a 76-year-old man with a clinically aggressive tumor in the dorsal mediastinum. Computed tomography scan revealed displacement of soft tissue and lymph nodes. PET showed that the tumor had a high proliferation rate. Investigation of the successfully removed tumor mass revealed reactivity of the tumor cells for follicular dendritic cell markers and desmosomes linking adjacent tumor cells at the ultrastructural level. Marked atypia, a high mitotic rate, and areas of coagulative necrosis were found. The tumor in our case revealed the typical features and thus was classified as FDCS. In contrast to previous reports in the literature, preoperative imaging, histology, and immunohistochemistry studies indicated at least an intermediate degree of malignancy. Nevertheless, the patient made a good postoperative recovery and remained apparently disease-free 2 years later. 相似文献
94.
Finelli LA Landolt HP Buck A Roth C Berthold T Borbély AA Achermann P 《Journal of sleep research》2000,9(2):161-173
Changes in the functional organization of the brain during the course of sleep and waking are reflected by different patterns of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). To investigate the effect of the hypnotic zolpidem, a benzodiazepine receptor agonist, drug or placebo were administered to eight young, healthy men prior to bedtime. The subjects were sleep-deprived to promote sleep during the 4-h recording period in the positron emission tomography scanner. Intravenous injections of labelled water were administered during pre-drug wakefulness, and during Stage 2, Stage 4 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, each injection being followed by an emission scan. Statistical parametric mapping was used to investigate the effects of treatment and sleep states. During sleep (combined Stages 2 and 4, and REM sleep) relative rCBF was lower after zolpidem than after placebo in the basal ganglia and insula, and higher in the parietal cortex. A 'multiple study' analysis of REM sleep revealed that rCBF in the anterior cingulum was lower after zolpidem than after placebo, whereas rCBF in the occipital and parietal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus and cerebellum was higher. When the pooled data (drug and placebo) of Stages 2 and 4 were compared with wakefulness, rCBF was lower in prefrontal cortex and insula, and higher in the occipital and parietal cortex. The results indicate that some differences in rCBF from wakefulness to non-REM sleep are further augmented by zolpidem. 相似文献
95.
Jesper L. R. Andersson Anders Lilja P. Hartvig Bengt Långström Torsten Gordh Hermann Handwerker E. Torebjörk 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1997,117(2):192-199
Regional cerebral blood flow was measured with positron emission tomography (PET) in six healthy volunteers at rest and during
experimentally induced, sustained cutaneous pain on the dorsum of the right hand or on the dorsum of the right foot. Pain
was inflicted by intracutaneous injection of capsaicin, providing a mainly C-fibre nociceptive stimulus. Statistical analysis
showed significant activations along the central sulcus (SI) area when comparing pain in the hand to pain in the foot. Separate
comparison of both pain states to a baseline revealed different locations along the central sulcus for hand pain and foot
pain. The encountered differences are consistent with what is previously known about the somatotopics of non-painful stimuli.
When comparing painful stimuli to baseline, the contralateral anterior cingulate gyrus, the ipsilateral anterior insular cortex
and the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex were implicated. The results are consistent with an involvement of SI in the spatial
discrimination of acute cutaneous pain.
Received: 17 October 1996 / Accepted: 12 May 1997 相似文献
96.
Kunnas TA Lehtimäki T Karhunen PJ Laaksonen R Janatuinen T Vesalainen R Nuutila P Knuuti J Nikkari ST 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》2004,82(12):821-825
Most of the effects of estrogens are mediated by estrogen receptors. Vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells express estrogen receptor (ESR1) in both genders. A long genotype group of a common thymine-adenine (TA) dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the regulatory region of this gene has previously been related to coronary artery disease. The present study examined whether coronary blood flow is affected by this genotype. A total of 49 healthy men were genotyped by PCR and divided into three groups according to median number of the ESR1 promoter TA repeat (=19), i.e., in the short allele genotype group both alleles were of fewer than 19 repeats whereas in the long allele group both alleles were 19 repeats or more. The intermediate group comprised men who had one short and one long allele. Myocardial blood flow was measured by positron emission tomography using [15O]water, performed at rest and during adenosine stimulation. Men with long alleles had lower adenosine-stimulated coronary flow than those with short alleles and those with one short and one long allelle. Our results suggest that adenosine-stimulated myocardial perfusion is lower in subjects with ESR1 long alleles than the other TA repeat genotypes. 相似文献
97.
目的 探讨各种阈值校正方法对统计参数图(SPM)软件统计比较结果显示的影响.方法 利用Hoffman标准脑模型制作缺损模型PET成像与正常模型PET成像,进行统计参数图的统计比较.并选取脑梗死患者与健康检查者进行统计参数图的统计比较.结果 校正与非校正产生的结果有差异,其中族错误率(FWE)校正(P=5×10-2)得到的统计分析结果激活区最少及最小,其次是错误发现率(FDR)校正(P=5×10-2),非校正方式(P=1×10-3)得到的激活区最多及最大.但FDR校正效果不稳定,有时不如不校正.结论 统计参数图软件中FWE校正方法可明显降低假阳性,得到的结果可信度稳定地高于非校正方法. 相似文献
98.
P. M. Grasby C. D. Frith E. Paulesu K. J. Friston R. S. J. Frackowiak R. J. Dolan 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1995,104(2):337-348
Scopolamine, a muscarinic antagonist, impairs memory performance in both humans and animals. In this study, repeated measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were made in normal volunteers whilst performing auditory verbal memory tasks, before and after the administration of scopolamine (0.4 mg s.c.) or placebo. Compared to placebo, scopolamine increased blood flow in the lateral occipital cortex bilaterally and the left orbitofrontal region. Scopolamine decreased rCBF in the region of the right thalamus, the precuneus and the right and left lateral premotor areas. Scopolamine attenuated memory-task-induced increases of rCBF in the left and right prefrontal cortex and the right anterior cingulate region. These data suggest that acute blockade of cholinergic neurotransmission affects diverse brain areas, including components of the visual and motor systems, and, in addition, modulates memory task activations at distinct points in a distributed network for memory function. 相似文献
99.
J. Hägglund S-M Aquilonius S-A Eckernäs P. Hartvig H. Lundquist P. Gullberg B. Längström 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》1987,75(2):87-94
Dopaminergic receptor properties in the striatum of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's chorea (HD) were studied by positron emission tomography (PET), using 11C-N-methyl-spiperone as a dopamine D2 receptor ligand. The time-dependent regional radioactive uptake in the caudate nucleus and the putamen was measured and fitted to a 3-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The rate constant k3 for specific binding to the receptor compartment in the striatum was determined in relation to the binding in regions with a low density of specific binding sites, such as the cerebellum and the frontal cortex . k3, which is a measure of the receptor density, was reduced in one patient with HD but less affected in PD in comparison with healthy controls. The pattern of k3 values calculated from the 6 PD patients is discussed in relation to any side-to-side differences in dopamine receptor densities in hemiparkinsonism and to possible "hypersensitivity" of dopamine receptors in the early stage of the disease and down-regulation in more advanced disease. 相似文献
100.
Christer Halldin Karl-Olof Schoeps Sharon Stone-Elander Fritz-Axel Wiesel 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》1987,13(6):288-291
The synthesis of d-and l-(1-11C)tyrosine, starting with 11C-cyanide, is reported. dl-(1-11C)Tyrosine was prepared by the Bücherer-Strecker reaction, from carrier added 11C-cyanide with an incorporation of 80% in 20 min. The isolation of the pure d- and l-amino acid isomers from the enantiomeric mixture was accomplished within 15 min by preparative HPLC using a chiral stationary phase and a phosphate buffer as the mobile phase. Typically, the total synthesis time was 50 min (including purification) from end of trapping of 11C-cyanide, with a radiochemical yield of d- and l-amino acid of 40%–60%. The d- and l-(1-11C)tyrosine were both obtained optically pure, with a carrier added specific activity of 0.3–0.5 Ci/mmol and a radiochemical purity better than 99%. The 11C labelled l-tyrosine was used in an in vivo study in the human brain using positron emission tomography (PET). 相似文献