古城玫瑰树中非生物碱类化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

目的研究玫瑰树属植物古城玫瑰树Ochrosia elliptica枝叶中的非生物碱类化学成分。方法综合运用硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱以及制备型高效液相色谱等方法进行系统分离,根据理化性质及波谱学数据鉴定化合物结构。结果从古城玫瑰树90%乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯萃取部位中分离鉴定了15个非生物碱类化合物,分别鉴定为hedyotisol A(1)、(-)-(7R,7′R,7″S,8S,8′S,8″S)-4′,4″-dihydroxy-3,3′,3″,5-tetramethoxy-7,9′,7′,9-diepoxy-4,8″-oxy-8,8′-sesquineolignan-7″,9″-diol(2)、8-羟基松脂素(3)、lyoniresinol(4)、蛇菰脂醛素(5)、刺芒柄花素(6)、vestisol(7)、3′,7-二羟基-2′,4,-二甲氧基异黄烷(8)、(3R)-violanone(9)、6-羟基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮(10)、6-羟基-2-[2-(4′-甲氧基苯基)乙基]色酮(11)、对羟基苯乙酮(12)、去氢催吐萝芙木醇(13)、黑麦草内酯(14)和4,5-dihydroblumenol A(15)。其中化合物1~5为木脂素类化合物,化合物6~9为异黄酮类化合物,化合物10和11为色原酮类化合物,化合物12为酚酸类化合物,化合物13~15为倍半萜类化合物。结论所有化合物均为首次从玫瑰树属植物中分离得到。     

天然双四氢呋喃类木脂素化合物的化学研究进展

目的:木脂素类是一类由苯丙素氧化聚合而成的天然产物,其在植物中广泛存在,目前已在樟科、松科、胡椒科、爵床科、肉豆蔻科、五味子科、木兰科、小檗科、菊科、瑞香科、马兜铃科等上百个科的植物中发现该类化合物。根据其支链连接不同,分为多种结构类型,包括二芳基丁烷类、二芳基丁内酯类、芳基萘类、四氢呋喃类、双四氢呋喃类、苯并呋喃类、双环辛烷类、联苯类等。其中,双四氢呋喃类木脂素(2,6-diary-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane),又称为双环氧木脂素,是一类通过8-8',7-O-9',9-O-7'进行连接的结构类型。迄今从自然界中发现该类化合物以单体形式存在的有100多种。该类化合物生物活性十分广泛,越来越多的该类化合物和相关生物活性被相继报道,主要包括抗肿瘤、肝保护、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗炎以及免疫抑制等。本文就该类化合物的生物合成途径、化学结构及结构解析3个部分进行了综述。通过对其生物合成途径的介绍,总结了目前报道的不同取代的结构特点,并利用质谱、核磁等方法对不同结构中构型的确定进行介绍,为其进一步研究提供参考,以期促进木脂素类化合物的研究和开发。     

Cytotoxic lignans from the barks of Juglans mandshurica

Phytochemical investigation of the barks of Juglans mandshurica Maxim led to the isolation, purification, and identification of one new lignan named Juglansol A (1), along with nine known compounds (2–10). Their structures were determined by the results of UV, IR, CD, HRESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1–10 were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against A549, HepG2, Hep3B, Bcap-37, and MCF-7 cell lines. The results showed that compound 2 possessed stronger cytotoxicities against the tested tumor cell lines compared with positive control 5-fluorouracil.     

综合评分结合响应面法筛选北五味子木脂素提取工艺

目的筛选北五味子木脂素的提取工艺。方法以五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素和五味子丙素含量为评价指标,乙醇浓度、提取次数、提取时间和溶媒用量为考察因素,采用响应面Box-Behnken设计试验,筛选提取工艺参数。结果通过回归模型的预测,得到北五味子木脂素类成分最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度88.24%,料液比10.37倍,提取时间34.70 min,提取次数2.76次。根据工业化生产需要,将提取工艺参数调整为11倍量90%的乙醇提取3次,每次35 min。结论采用多指标综合评价法能够更客观优化北五味子木脂素的提取工艺,为北五味子木脂素成分的分离纯化研究提供依据。     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定注射用益气复脉(冻干)中13种成分

目的 建立同时测定注射用益气复脉(冻干)(YFI)中人参皂苷类(人参皂苷Rb₁、Re、Rg₁、Rc、Rd、Rf、Rg₃、F₂和三七皂苷R₁)和木脂素类(五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子甲素和五味子乙素)共13种成分的UPLC-MS/MS分析方法,并对YFI中上述成分进行定量分析.方法 采用液质联用法,应用C₁₈柱,流动相为含0.1%甲酸的水溶液和含0.1%甲酸的甲醇溶液梯度洗脱,质谱采用正离子模式,多反应监测扫描.结果 YFI中13种成分线性关系、精密度、稳定性、重复性均符合方法学测定要求,加样回收率为98.28%～101.08%.应用所建立的方法测定了5批次YFI中人参皂苷类和木脂素类共13个成分的量.结论 所建立的用于同时测定YFI中13种成分的分析方法简单、重复性好、准确可靠,可为YFI质量控制提供依据.     

Evaluation of hypoglycemic activity of total lignans from Fructus Arctii in the spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Fructus Arctii, called “Niubangzi” in China (Great burdock achene in English), is a well-known Chinese Materia Medica. It is the dried ripe fruit of Arctium lappa L. (family Asteraceae) and was included in the Chinese pharmacopoeia for its traditional therapeutic actions. Meanwhile it has been utilized extensively in a number of classical drug formulas as a major component for the treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It has also been reported recently that the clinical use of Fructus Arctii resulted in a satisfactory hypoglycemic effect in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate hypoglycemic activity of total lignans from Fructus Arctii (TLFA) in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a spontaneous type 2 diabetic animal model, and the mechanism of its hypoglycemic activity.

Materials and methods

Male GK rats and normal Wistar rats were used in this study, GK rats fed twice daily were given TLFA (300 mg/kg) or nateglinide (50 mg/kg) orally before each meal for 12 weeks. Besides common evaluation indexes of hypoglycemic activity such as blood glucose level, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin, as well as lipid metabolism parameters such as cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), et al., in rat serum. The effects of TLFA on insulin secretion and pancreas tissue sections, the levels of serum glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of TLFA in vitro were investigated.

Results

TLFA demonstrated stable and long-lasting hypoglycemic activity in GK rats and showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance in glucose fed hyperglycemic GK rats. Both TLFA and nateglinide controlled the glycosylated hemoglobin levels of the experimental animals very well. Stimulation of insulin secretion was proved to be one of the hypoglycemic mechanism of TLFA, promoting the release of GLP-1 should be another one, and ɑ-glucosidase inhibitory activity of TLFA also contributes to its hypoglycemic activity. In this study, we didn't found that TLFA could effect the body weight of GK rats, which was also verified by the changes of biochemical parameters of blood in experimental rats.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicates that TLFA has significant hypoglycemic potential in GK rats, and it may be acting through stimulating insulin secretion, promoting the release of GLP-1, and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose.     

小叶黄杨非生物碱类成分

目的:研究小叶黄杨的非生物碱类化学成分。方法:应用MCI、正相硅胶、RP-18反相硅胶以及葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20等各种柱色谱技术对小叶黄杨乙酸乙酯与正丁醇萃取物进行分离纯化,并根据理化常数及波谱数据对分离得到的化合物进行鉴定。结果:共分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为4’,5-二羟基-3,3’,6,7-四甲氧基黄酮(1),4’,5-二羟基-3,6,7-三甲氧基黄酮(2),3’,4’,5-三羟基-3,6,7-三甲氧基黄酮(3),松脂素(4),3’-O-去甲基表松脂素(5),阿魏酸甲酯(6),对羟基肉桂酸甲酯(7),黄花菜木脂素A(8),紫丁香苷(9),异落叶松脂素-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(10)。结论:化合物1,4~7,9~10均系首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

续断的化学成分研究

目的研究续断的化学成分。方法运用大孔树脂、反相硅胶及制备高效液相等色谱技术进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果分离得到13个化合物,其中7个环烯醚萜苷和6个木脂素类化合物,分别鉴定为马钱苷（1）、獐牙菜苷（2）、6＇-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-sweroside（3）、续断苷H（4）、续断苷F（5）、续断苷E（6）、triplostoside A（7）、（7R,8S,7＇R,8＇S）-5-methoxyprinsepiol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（8）、（7R,8S,7＇R,8＇S）-prinsepiol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（9）、acanthoside D（10）、（7R,8S,7＇R,8＇S）-fraxiresinol-4＇-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（11）、（7R,8S,7＇R,8＇S）-8-hydroxypinoresinol-4＇-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（12）、（7R,8S,7＇R,8＇S）-8-hydroxypinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（13）。结论其中化合物8、9、11、12、13为首次从川续断属植物中分离得到。     

Serum levels of phytoestrogens as biomarkers of intake in Mexican women

Abstract

Phytoestrogens have generated interest in human health in view of their potential effect to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases. Serum levels of phytoestrogens have been proposed as an alternative to measure the exposure of phytoestrogens. We evaluated the use of serum as a biomarker of phytoestrogen’s intake in healthy women. Phytoestrogens in serum (luteolin, kaempferol, equol, biochanin A, formononetin, quercetin, naringenin, coumestrol, secoisolariciresinol, genistein, matairesinol, enterolactone, enterodiol, daidzein, glycitein and resveratrol) were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS. Subjects were asked to recall all foods and beverages consumed the previous 24 h. Association of dietary intake and serum concentrations was performed by Spearman correlation. Correlations were found for naringenin (r?=?0.47, p?<?0.001), luteolin (r?=?0.4 p?<?0.001), genistein (r?=?0.32, p?<?0.01) enterolactone (r?=?0.35, p?=?0.0553), coumestrol (r?=?0.26, p?=?0.0835) and resveratrol (r?=?0.29, p?=?0.0517). Serum levels as biomarkers of intake along with a 24-h recall would be useful in order to investigate the relationship between phytoestrogens and health.     

Tetrahydrofuran lignans from Viburnum betulifolium

A phytochemical investigation of the EtOH extract from the aerial parts of Viburnum betulifolium Batal. afforded four new tetrahydrofuran lignans, betulifolium A-D (1, 2, 4, and 5), together with two known compounds vibsanol-9′-al (3) and sarcomeginal (6). This paper deals with the isolation and structure elucidation of the new compounds on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR analyses and HR-ESI-MS data.