The role of anatomy demonstrators: A surgical trainees' perspective

Core Surgical Trainees (CST) in the London (UK) Postgraduate School of Surgery receive clinical anatomy teaching in their first year of training, and, in their second year, give 30 sessions of anatomy teaching to medical and other students. This study set out to investigate the role of demonstrators from the perspective of the trainees. A focus group was convened to ascertain trainees' perspectives on demonstrating anatomy and to identify problems and improvement strategies to optimize their ability to enhance students' learning. A questionnaire was formulated and all second‐year CST (n = 186—from two cohorts) in the London Postgraduate School of Surgery were invited. A total of 109 out of 186 trainees completed the questionnaire. A high percentage (98%) of trainees that completed the questionnaire responded that demonstrating was an invaluable part of their training. Sixty‐two per cent responded that anatomy teaching they received in their first year of core surgical training helped them in their teaching role and 80% responded that it helped them prepare for surgical training. The study also revealed the need for improved communication between trainees and the London Postgraduate School of Surgery/Medical Schools/National Health Service Trusts to address issues such as trainees' perceived difficulty in fulfilling their teaching session requirement. The stakeholders have acknowledged and addressed the outcomes to improve the experience for both surgical trainees and students. The results indicate that anatomy demonstrating delivers important benefits to early surgical trainees, in addition to those received by the students that they teach. Clin. Anat. 31:409–416, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

L市社区老年人卫生服务利用情况及综合评价*

目的研究L市社区老年人的卫生服务利用情况,对不同社区进行综合评价,根据调查结果提出切实可行的对策和建议,为社区卫生服务中心针对老年人开展工作提供参考。方法对所调查老年人的基本情况进行描述性分析;采用logistic回归方法分析社区卫生服务利用的影响因素;采用TOPSIS法对不同社区卫生服务利用情况进行综合评价。结果被调查老年人的两周就诊率为29.7%,两周患者就诊率为68.5%,老年人过去一年住院率为28.3%;logistic回归分析结果显示,影响老年人两周就诊率和住院率的主要因素为是否患有慢性疾病(P0.05);Topsis评价结果显示,经济水平和文化程度高的被调查者社区卫生服务利用情况相对较好。结论 L市社区老年人卫生服务利用情况整体较好,但是不同社区之间存在差异,部分老年人认为社区医疗机构的医生技术能力较低。因此,要提高基层医务人员的能力,加快培养全科医生,从而提高社区卫生资源的利用。     

浅谈医学留学生胃肠外科教学的体会及思考

随着我国综合国力的不断提升,到我国学习临床医学的外国留学生日益增多,留学生教育已成为高等医学教育的重要组成部分。为适应医学留学生胃肠外科教学需要,结合留学生教学实践,本文提出制订合适的教学内容与方法,编写专用英文教材,加强教师英语口语表达能力并加强师生沟通。在传授知识的同时,还应注重临床实践能力的培养和医德医风的教育。实践表明,上述措施对提高教学质量有一定帮助。     

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正Orginal data from clinical investigations clinical trials,preventive or therapeutics studies Basic research,with clinical application Epidemiology Advances in new techniques and knowledge Augmentation and promotion of medical information Clinical review and discussion     

实测法在半髋关节置换术中确保下肢等长的应用

目的分析实测法在半髋关节置换术中确保下肢长度的有效性。方法笔者自2010-01—2012-12共采用非骨水泥固定型双动头人工半髋关节置换术治疗279例移位股骨颈骨折。随机分成实测法组(应用实测法)和经验测量法组(应用解剖标志测量法),比较2组术后双下肢长度差异、手术时间、Harris评分、平均住院日及术后并发症。结果所有患者获得平均47.5(30~69)个月随访。实测法组与经验测量法组术后双下肢平均长度差异分别为(4.15±2.68)mm和(6.93±3.71)mm,实测法组小于经验测量法组,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.276,P=0.031)。实测法组和经验测量法组在手术时间、术后及末次随访时髋关节Harris评分、平均住院日、术后并发症方面比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组各1例发生脱位,无坐骨神经麻痹、伤口感染、假体周围骨折发生。结论实测法是一种在半髋关节置换术中减小下肢长度差异的简单、有效、准确的方法。     

In vitro cultivation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and establishment of pEGFP/Ang-1 transfection method

ObjectiveTo obtain the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), complete phenotypic identification and successfully transfect rat BMSCs by recombinant plasmid pEGFP/Ang-1.MethodsBMSCs were isolated from bone marrow using density gradient centrifugation method and adherence screening method, and purified. Then the recombinant plasmid pEGFP/Ang-1 was used to transfect BMSCs and the positive clones were obtained by the screen of G418 and observed under light microscopy inversely. Green fluorescent exhibited by protein was enhanced to measure the change time of the expression amount of Ang-1.ResultsBMSCs cell lines were obtained successfully by adherence screening method and density gradient centrifugation. Ang-1 recombinant plasmid was transfected smoothly into rat BMSCs, which can express Ang-1 for 3 d and decreased after 7 d.ConclusionsAdherence screening method and density gradient centrifugation can be effective methods to obtain BMSCs with high purity and rapid proliferation. Besides, the expression of transfected recombinant plasmid pEGFP/Ang-1 in rat BMSCs is satisfactory.     

Using Tablet Computers to Teach Evidence-Based Medicine to Pediatrics Residents: A Prospective Study

ObjectiveWe sought to determine if tablet computers—supported by a laboratory experience focused upon skill-development—would improve not only evidence-based medicine (EBM) knowledge but also skills and behavior.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study where we provided tablet computers to our pediatric residents and then held a series of laboratory sessions focused on speed and efficiency in performing EBM at the bedside. We evaluated the intervention with pre- and postintervention tests and surveys based on a validated tool available for use on MedEdPORTAL. The attending pediatric hospitalists also completed surveys regarding their observations of the residents' behavior.ResultsAll 38 pediatric residents completed the preintervention test and the pre- and postintervention surveys. All but one completed the posttest. All 7 attending pediatric hospitalists completed their surveys. The testing, targeted to assess EBM knowledge, revealed a median increase of 16 points out of a possible 60 points (P < .0001). We found substantial increases in individual resident's test scores across all 3 years of residency. Resident responses demonstrated statistically significant improvements in self-reported comfort with 6 out of 6 EBM skills and statistically significant increases in self-reported frequencies for 4 out of 7 EBM behaviors. Attending pediatric hospitalists reported improvements in 5 of 7 resident behaviors.ConclusionsThis novel approach for teaching EBM to pediatric residents improved knowledge, skills, and behavior through the introduction of a tablet computer and laboratory sessions designed to teach the quick and efficient application of EBM at the bedside.     

双向冲水法在无肝素血液透析中的应用效果

目的探讨双向冲水法用于无肝素血液透析中对患者透析器及静脉壶凝血程度、透析时间的影响。方法选取2018年12月至2019年12月于医院行无肝素血液透析的62例患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,各31例。对照组予以传统冲水法,观察组予以双向冲水法,比较两组透析器及静脉壶凝血程度、透析时间。结果两组透析器凝血程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组静脉壶凝血程度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组透析时间长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论双向冲水法可降低无肝素血液透析患者静脉壶凝血程度,延长透析时间,增强透析效果。