Heart Rate Reactivity and Type A Behavior as Modifiers of Physiological Response to Active and Passive Coping

We examined the long term predictivity of heart rate reactivity (HRR) and its relation to cardiovascular and biochemical activity during rest and during tasks requiring active and passive coping. HRR was determined in 28 young men by measuring peak heart rate change to cold pressor one year after performing tasks eliciting active and passive coping. Heart rate change to cold pressor was significantly correlated with change to active coping (r= .65, p<.01) and to passive coping (r= .53, p<.01). Responses to the tasks were equivalent for Type A and B subjects. On the other hand, high HRRs were significantly more reactive than low HRRs with the effect being most apparent during active coping. HRR appeared to be a trait stable over one year which predicted enhanced cardiac, neuroendocrine, and neuromuscular response.     

In humans the oxygen uptake slow component is reduced by prior exercise of high as well as low intensity

The aim of the study was to examine to what extent prior high- or low-intensity cycling, yielding the same amount of external work, influenced the oxygen uptake (V˙O₂) slow component of subsequent high-intensity cycling. The 12 subjects cycled in two protocols consisting of an initial 3 min period of unloaded cycling followed by two periods of constant-load exercise separated by 3 min of rest and 3 min of unloaded cycling. In protocol 1 both periods of exercise consisted of 6 min cycling at a work rate corresponding to 90% peak oxygen uptake (V˙O_2peak). Protocol 2 differed from protocol 1 in that the first period of exercise consisted of a mean of 12.1 (SD 0.8) min cycling at a work rate corresponding to 50% V˙O_2peak. The difference between the 3rd min V˙O₂ and the end V˙O₂ (ΔV˙O₂₍₆₋₃₎) was used as an index of the V˙O₂ slow component. Prior high-intensity exercise significantly reduced ΔV˙O₂₍₆₋₃₎. The ΔV˙O₂₍₆₋₃₎ was also reduced by prior low-intensity exercise despite an unchanged plasma lactate concentration at the start of the second period of exercise. The reduction was more pronounced after prior high- than after prior low-intensity exercise (59% and 28%, respectively). The results of this study show that prior exercise of high as well as low intensity reduces the V˙O₂ slow component and indicate that a metabolic acidosis is not a necessary condition to elicit a reduction in ΔV˙O₂₍₆₋₃₎. Accepted: 8 July 2000     

Increased sensitivity of mice to tremorogenic agents following MPP+

The behavioral effects following intrastriatal MPP⁺, the neurotoxic metabolite of MPTP, were evaluated in mice. Bilateral injections of 10 cro;g MPP⁺ to mice previously trained in the shuttle box paradigm produced a 66% decrease in striatal dopamine and significant deficits in all measures of conditioned avoidance responding. In addition, although these mice showed no deficits in baseline rotorod performance, challenge with the cholinergic agonist oxotremorine revealed that MPP⁺-treated mice exhibited an increased sensitivity to the disruptive effects of the drug at each dose and time point. Finally, MPP⁺-treated mice also exhibited an increase in tremor induced by 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg oxotremorine. These observations are discussed in reference to idiopathic parkinsonism.     

补肾益智方治疗阿尔兹海默病的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的痴呆形式,目前缺少疾病修饰性的治疗药物。中医理论认为肾精亏虚是AD发生发展的内在机制,补肾益精是中医治疗AD的基本原则,贯穿AD治疗的始终。补肾益智方是治疗AD的临床经验方。补肾益智方治疗AD已有大量文献报道,但补肾益智方缺乏临床应用安全性评价,同时其基础研究薄弱,有效成分不明、多靶点作用机制不清。为阐明补肾益智方多成分、多靶点、多途径治疗AD的作用机制,该文综述了补肾益智方治疗AD的研究进展。进一步收集了16个基于高效液相色谱指纹图谱的补肾益智方主要化学成分,并对其成药性与安全性进行评价。利用基于AD重要病理生理学过程的网络药理学与文献综述相结合的方法,深入分析了补肾益智方靶向胆碱能系统、AD神经病理学特征的有效成分及可能机制。该研究为AD对症治疗、疾病修饰性治疗的药物研发提供了一系列有潜力的先导化合物,并为深入拓展补肾益智方的临床应用提供了理论依据。     

新发结直肠癌患者膳食模式分析

目的 探讨新发结直肠癌患者的膳食模式与发病的关系,为结直肠癌的发生提供科学的干预方向。方法 以2018—2019年辽宁省某肿瘤医院就诊并经病理学确诊的新发结直肠癌患者和同期在该医院体检中心参加健康体检者为研究对象,新发结直肠癌患者为病例组,按同性别、同年龄1∶1选取健康体检者作为对照组,采用主成分分析法对调查对象的膳食模式进行分析,利用Logistic回归模型分析不同膳食模式对结直肠癌发病风险的影响。结果 本研究共对新发结直肠癌患者232例、健康体检者232人进行调查,2组人群在性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入和体力劳动强度分布差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示坚果薯类膳食模式（OR=0.482）、水产奶类膳食模式（OR=0.666）和果蔬素食膳食模式（OR=0.800）是结直肠癌发生的保护性因素,西式膳食模式（OR=1.441）、辛辣熏制膳食模式（OR=1.195）、肉类膳食模式（OR=1.397）和高脂肪膳食模式（OR=1.349）为结直肠癌发病的危险因素。结论 坚果薯类、水产奶类和果蔬素食是结直肠癌发生的保护性因素。西式、辛辣熏制、肉类和高脂肪膳食为结直肠癌发病的危险因素,在结直肠癌的防病宣传健康教育中应该加强饮食健康宣传,提高防病意识,有效降低发病率。     

脑卒中肺部感染危险因素及血清免疫炎性因子的预测价值

目的基于主成分分析(PCA)-决策树模型分析脑卒中肺部感染的危险因素及血清免疫炎性因子的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2014年12月-2019年12月江西省上饶市人民医院确诊的176例脑卒中患者,根据是否发生肺部感染,分为感染组40例和未感染组136例。记录患者临床特征,检测血白细胞(WBC)计数、血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)和可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(SIL-2R)水平。采用Logistic回归和卡方自动交叉检验(CHAID)模型分析影响脑卒中后肺部感染的危险因素;受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析血WBC、CRP、PCT、SIL-2R预测肺部感染的价值。结果脑卒中肺部感染与患者年龄、卒中类型、是否合并糖尿病、吸烟史、吞咽困难、意识障碍、侵入性操作有关(P<0.05);感染组患者血WBC、CRP、PCT和SIL-2R水平高于未感染组(P<0.05);糖尿病、侵入性操作、CRP和PCT均为影响脑卒中患者肺部感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05);PCA-ROC分析显示,血WBC、CRP、PCT、SIL-2R和联合预测主成分1(PC1)的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.670、0.816、0.854、0.686、0.918;PCA-卡方自动交互检测(CHAID)模型分析显示,WBC、CRP、PCT、SIL-2R和PC1预测肺部感染的准确率为77.33%、84.72%、86.90%、79.02%和89.24%。结论血清PCT水平可用于预测脑卒中患者肺部感染的发生,临床可重点关注合并糖尿病、意识障碍和侵入性操作的患者。     

Alignment in Medial Fixed-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: The Limb Has a Leg Up on the Component

BackgroundTo assess how implant alignment affects unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) outcome, we compared tibial component alignment of well-functioning UKAs against 2 groups of failed UKAs, revised for progression of lateral compartment arthritis (“Progression”) and aseptic loosening (“Loosening”).MethodsWe identified 37 revisions for Progression and 61 revisions for Loosening from our prospective institutional database of 3351 medial fixed-bearing UKAs performed since 2000. Revision cohorts were matched on age, gender, body mass index, and postoperative range of motion with “Successful” unrevised UKAs with minimum 10-year follow-up and Knee Society Score ≥70. Tibial component coronal (TCA) and sagittal (TSA) plane alignment was measured on postoperative radiographs. Limb alignment was quantified by hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle on long-leg radiographs. In addition to directly comparing groups, a multivariate logistic regression examined how limb and component alignments were associated with UKA revision.ResultsIn the Progression group, component alignment was similar to the matched successes (TCA 3.6° ± 3.5° varus vs 5.1° ± 3.5° varus, P = .07; TSA 8.4° ± 4.4° vs 8.8° ± 3.6°, P = .67), whereas HKA angle was significantly more valgus (0.3° ± 3.6° valgus vs 4.4° ± 2.6° varus, P < .001). Loosening group component alignment was also similar to the matched successes (TCA 6.1° ± 3.7° varus vs 5.9° ± 3.1° varus, P = .72; TSA 8.4° ± 4.6° vs 8.1° ± 3.9°, P = .68), and HKA was significantly more varus (6.1° ± 3.1° varus vs 4.0° ± 2.7° varus, P < .001). Using a multivariate logistic regression, HKA angle was the most significant factor associated with revision (P < .001).ConclusionIn this population of revised UKAs and long-term successes, limb alignment was a more important determinant of outcome than tibial component alignment.Level of EvidenceLevel III case-control study.     

广山楂HPLC指纹图谱建立及其活血化瘀作用谱效关系研究

目的 建立广山楂Malus doumeri指纹图谱,测定各批次广山楂的“活血化瘀”药效学指标,探讨广山楂化学成分与活血化瘀功效的谱效关系。方法 采用HPLC法建立18批广山楂的指纹图谱。利用大鼠高脂模型,测定不同批次广山楂的“活血化瘀”药效学指标,包括高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterin,LDL-C）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、三酰甘油（triglyceride,TG）含量及血液流变学指标等。运用偏最小二乘回归法（partial least-square method regression,PLSR）、灰色关联度分析法,分析广山楂化学成分与活血化瘀药效指标间的谱效关系。结果 构建了广山楂的HPLC图谱,确定了6个共有峰,并指认了其中的2个共有峰（绿原酸、根皮苷）。活血化瘀实验表明,不同批次广山楂活血药效指标间具有明显差异,在标定的广山楂6个特征峰中,峰2～6与HDL-C呈正相关,峰1、5、6与LDL...     

基于指纹图谱和多指标含量测定的蜜远志质量评价

目的 建立指纹图谱和多指标定量的蜜远志质量评价方法。方法 Kromasil 100-5-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为固定相,以乙腈（A）-0.2%磷酸水溶液（B）为流动相进行梯度洗脱,体积流量为1.0 mL/min,检测波长318 nm。对16批蜜远志建立指纹图谱,确定共有峰并进行相似度分析结合化学计量学分析。采用Waters Xbridge Shiled RP C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）进行同时测定远志（口山）酮III、3,6''-二芥子酰基蔗糖、细叶远志皂苷、远志酸、远志皂苷元的含量。结果 在指纹图谱研究中,标定了27个共有峰,结合对照品和HPLC-Q-TOF-MS共指认8个成分,分别为西伯利亚远志糖A5、西伯利亚远志糖A6、远志（口山）酮IX、远志（口山）酮III、3,6''-二芥子酰基蔗糖、细叶远志皂苷、远志酸、远志皂苷元。聚类分析将16批样品分为3类;经主成分分析,主成分1～3是影响蜜远志质量评价的主要因子。多指标含量测定中远志（口山）酮III、3,6''-二芥子酰基蔗糖、细叶远志皂苷、远志酸、远志皂苷元的质量分数分别为0.027%～0.068%、0.074%～0.798%、1.1%～1.4%、0.15%～0.36%、0.15%～0.37%。经方法学验证,线性关系良好（r≥0.999 6）,平均加样回收率为97.15%～100.9%。结论 所建立的指纹图谱结合多指标含量测定方法准确、高效,特征性强,可为蜜远志饮片的质量评价和临床应用提供有效参考。