钢铁企业信息化新技术(上)

叙述了钢铁企业信息化的目标、任务和四级功能结构,重点阐述了产销一体化系统ISPS和钢铁企业信息化的六类关键技术。     

Spectral Method for Thermal Conductivity Calculations

We discuss several post-processing issues in molecular dynamics (MD) calculation of lattice thermal conductivity using the Green–Kubo formula. For crystals with high thermal conductivity such as SiC, converting the MD raw data on heat current fluctuations into thermal conductivity result is non-trivial. One can accelerate the process using Fast Fourier Transform and the spectral method. A few mathematical subtleties are cleared up. Due to finite data length, integration of the correlation function must be terminated before noise takes over; two termination criteria are proposed which give reasonable results for crystalline β-SiC. A simple solvable model that illustrates the above points and can be used for code-checking is presented.     

Analysis of a Gyroscope＇s Rotor Nonlinear Supported Magnetic Field Based on the B-Spline Wavelet-FEM

A supported framework of a gyroscope＇s rotor is designed and the B-Spline wavelet finite element model of nonlinear supported magnetic field is worked out. A new finite element space is studied in which the scaling function of the B-spline wavelet is considered as the shape function of a tetrahedton. The magnetic field is spited by an artificial absorbing body which used the condition of field radiating, so the solution is unique. The resolution is improved via the varying gradient of the B-spline function under the condition of unchanging gridding. So there are some advantages in dealing with the focus flux and a high varying gradient result from a nonlinear magnetic field. The result is more practical. Plots of flux and in the space is studied via simulating the supported system model. The results of the study are useful in the research of the supported magnetic system for the gyroscope rotor.     

基于yong分析的内可逆简单空气制冷循环性能优化

基于yong分析的观点，运用有限时间热力学方法分析恒温热源内可逆简单空气制冷循环的特性，导出制冷率、生态学目标函数和yong效率与压缩机压比等主要影响参数的解析式，以相应的数值计算分析压缩机压比、高低温侧换热器热导率分配对循环性能优化的影响特点，并把生态学优化目标、yong效率优化目标和传统的制冷率优化目标进行综合比较。所得结果对工程制冷系统设计具有一定的指导意义。     

Solutions of partial differential equations with random Dirichlet boundary conditions by multiquadric collocation method

Problems described by deterministic partial differential equations with random Dirichlet boundary conditions are considered. Formulation of the solution to such a problem by the global collocation method using multiquadrics is presented. The quality of the solution to a stochastic problem depends on both its expected value and its variance. It is proposed that the shape parameter of multiquadrics should be chosen to optimize both the accuracy and the variance of the solution. Test problems described by the Poisson, the Helmholtz, and the diffusion–convection equations with random Dirichlet boundary conditions are solved by the multiquadric collocation method. It is found that there is a trade-off between solution accuracy and solution variance for each problem.     

A boundary element-free method (BEFM) for three-dimensional elasticity problems

This study combines the boundary integral equation (BIE) method and improved moving least-squares (IMLS) approximation to present a direct meshless boundary integral equation method, the boundary element-free method (BEFM) for three-dimensional elasticity. Based on the improved moving least-squares approximation and the boundary integral equation for three-dimensional elasticity, the formulae of the boundary element-free method are given, and the numerical procedure is also shown. Unlike other meshless boundary integral equation methods, the BEFM is a direct numerical method in which the basic unknown quantity is the real solution of the nodal variables, and the boundary conditions can be applied directly and easily, thus giving it a greater computational precision. Three selected numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the method.Aknowledgement The work in this project was fully supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council (RGC) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. CityU 1011/02E).The work that is described in this paper was supported by Project No. CityU 1011/02E, which was awarded by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. The authors are grateful for the financial support.     

Innovation in Industrial Districts: Evidence from Italy

The aim of this paper is to show that Italian manufacturing firms belonging to Marshallian industrial districts carry out a higher innovative effort than is usually acknowledged. The empirical analysis makes use of a panel of 1,218 district and non-district firms belonging to traditional sectors. Data refers to the years 1992 and 1995. We have estimated an augmented Cobb-Douglas production function. The estimates make it possible to empirically identify three different determinants of firms' productivity: (i) the intentional innovative activity; (ii) the “district effect”; and (iii) the joint district and innovation effect. The results show that firms' membership in industrial districts and product innovations are key factors in explaining the productivity of firms working in traditional Italian sectors.     

Error estimates of local multiquadric‐based differential quadrature (LMQDQ) method through numerical experiments

In this article, we present an error estimate of the derivative approximation by the local multiquadric‐based differential quadrature (LMQDQ) method. Radial basis function is different from the polynomial approximation, in which Taylor series expansion is not applicable. So, the present analysis is performed through the numerical solution of Poisson equation. It is known that the approximation error of LMQDQ method depends on three factors, i.e. local density of knots h, free shape parameter c and number of supporting knots n_s). By numerical experiments, their contribution to the approximation error and correlation were studied and analysed in this paper. An error estimate ε ～ O((h/c)ⁿ) is thereafter proposed, in which n is a positive constant and determined by the number of supporting knots n_s. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Direct solution of ill‐posed boundary value problems by radial basis function collocation method

Numerical solution of ill‐posed boundary value problems normally requires iterative procedures. In a typical solution, the ill‐posed problem is first converted to a well‐posed one by assuming the missing boundary values. The new problem is solved by a conventional numerical technique and the solution is checked against the unused data. The problem is solved iteratively using optimization schemes until convergence is achieved. The present paper offers a different procedure. Using the radial basis function collocation method, we demonstrate that the solution of certain ill‐posed problems can be accomplished without iteration. This method not only is efficient and accurate, but also circumvents the stability problem that can exist in the iterative method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Boundary element‐free method (BEFM) for two‐dimensional elastodynamic analysis using Laplace transform

In this paper, we present a direct meshless method of boundary integral equation (BIE), known as the boundary element‐free method (BEFM), for two‐dimensional (2D) elastodynamic problems that combines the BIE method for 2D elastodynamics in the Laplace‐transformed domain and the improved moving least‐squares (IMLS) approximation. The formulae for the BEFM for 2D elastodynamic problems are given, and the numerical procedures are also shown. The BEFM is a direct numerical method, in which the basic unknown quantities are the real solutions of the nodal variables, and the boundary conditions can be implemented directly and easily that leads to a greater computational precision. For the purpose of demonstration, some selected numerical examples are solved using the BEFM. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.