Genetic Correlational Analyses of Ethanol Reward and Aversion Phenotypes in Short-Term Selected Mouse Lines Bred for Ethanol Drinking or Ethanol-Induced Conditioned Taste Aversion.

Short-term selective breeding created mouse lines divergent for ethanol drinking (high drinking short-term selected line [STDRHI], low drinking [STDRLO]) or ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA; high [HTA], low [LTA]). Compared with STDRLO, STDRHI mice consumed more saccharin and less quinine, exhibited greater ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), and showed reduced ethanol stimulation and sensitization under some conditions; a line difference in ethanol-induced CTA was not consistently found. Compared with LTA, HTA mice consumed less ethanol but were similar in saccharin consumption, sensitivity to ethanol-induced CPP, and ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and sensitization. These data suggest that ethanol drinking is genetically associated with several reward-and aversion-related traits. The interpretation of ethanol-induced CTA as more genetically distinct must be tempered by the inability to test the CTA lines beyond Selection Generation 2. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reinforcer devaluation in palatability-based learned flavor preferences.

Rats exposed to simultaneous compounds of 1 neutral flavor with dilute (2%) sucrose and a 2nd flavor with dilute (2%) maltodextrin subsequently consumed both flavors in preference to a 3rd flavor that was never paired with a palatable taste. Brief training exposure under ad lib food and water minimized the postingestive effects of nutrients, emphasizing the contribution of palatability to these preferences. Devaluation of sucrose or maltodextrin by pairing with illness (Experiment 1) or sensory-specific satiety (Experiment 2) selectively reduced the preference for the flavor previously paired with the devalued reinforcer. Such reinforcer-specific devaluation effects suggest that palatability-based learned flavor preferences are underpinned by a Pavlovian process whereby the cue flavor is associated with the taste of the concurrently consumed palatable reinforcer. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

产品技术经济综合评价原型系统

在层次分析法的基础上，提出了一种将TOPSIS法和AHP法进行融合的综合评价方法．此方法可对产品进行全面的技术经济综合评价，为企业进行决策提供依据，使产品研制建立在一个更加客观的量化分析基础之上．结果表明，这种方法科学合理、简明方便，能够处理多层复杂问题，为产品技术经济综合评价提供了思路，具有普遍意义，能推广应用于其他领域的评估．     

Amygdala Inactivation Blocks Expression of Conditioned Memory Modulation and the Promotion of Avoidance and Freezing.

Rats were exposed to shock-paired cues immediately after training on an appetitive preference task. Elevated levels of freezing in and active avoidance of the shock-paired compartment were observed, and memory for the appetitive task was improved when tested 24 hr later. Intra-amygdala muscimol injected before the posttraining exposure eliminated freezing, avoidance, and memory modulation. The blockade of both freezing and active avoidance, which involve competing behavioral tendencies, makes it unlikely that the amygdala itself generates either behavior. The elimination of conditioned memory modulation suggests that conditioned neurohormonal responses were blocked. These conditioned internal responses may comprise the intervening variable of "conditioned fear" and may promote observable behaviors, the form of which is determined by the environment in which they occur. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Corticosterone Influences on Mammalian Neonatal Sensitive-Period Learning.

Infant rats exhibit sensitive-period odor learning characterized by olfactory bulb neural changes and odor preference acquisitions critical for survival. This sensitive period is coincident with low endogenous corticosterone (CORT) levels and stress hyporesponsivity. The authors hypothesized that low corticosterone levels modulate sensitive-period learning. They assessed the effects of manipulating CORT levels by increasing and removing CORT during (Postnatal Day 8) and after (Postnatal Day 12) the sensitive period. Results show that (a) exogenous CORT prematurely ends sensitive-period odor-shock-induced preferences; (b) adrenalectomy developmentally extends the sensitive period as indicated by odor-shock-induced odor-preference learning in older pups, whereas CORT replacement can reinstate fear learning; and (c) CORT manipulation modulates olfactory bulb correlates of sensitive-period odor learning in a manner consistent with behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

虚拟企业伙伴选择中模糊因素的定量评估

针对虚拟企业伙伴选择时存在不一致区间判断的复杂评估问题,组建战略联盟决策群并确定着眼于候选伙伴实现机遇的互补竞争力评价指标体系,提出在层次分析法(AHP)框架下,运用有下限和上限的区间数表达候选伙伴之间不一致、不确定的比较比例,获得区间比较矩阵,引入模糊集的隶属度函数表示对选择方案的满意程度,构造模糊约束集合,利用线性规划方法求解具有最大满意程度的优先权矢量,计算出候选者的总体优先顺序.结果表明,该方法能够从可行域为空的不一致区间比较矩阵导出模糊优先权矢量.列举的虚拟企业伙伴选择实例验证了应用这个方法从模糊判断矩阵计算出确定的优先权重的有效性,这是其他方法难以做到的.     

对方案有偏好的三角模糊数型多属性决策方法

针对权重信息不完全,决策者对方案有偏好的三角模糊型多属性决策问题提出了一种新方法。该方法是首先对三角模糊数求截集,将三角模糊数转化为区间数并引入偏差函数,然后建立目标线性规划模型并利用Lingo软件求出属性权重向量,进而对截集下的方案进行排序。     

图书信息检索中读者兴趣偏好挖掘模型的建立仿真

针对传统挖掘模型对图书信息检索中读者兴趣偏好数据进行挖掘时,存在的挖掘效率低、耗时长等问题,提出基于聚类分析的读者兴趣偏好挖掘模型.采用分类索引分布树法对图书相似度与读者兴趣距离进行计算,通过兴趣因子对兴趣偏好度进行度量,并以此为基础,采用相关反馈模型Rocchio算法对读者兴趣图书检索进行扩展,引入聚类分析法建立图书信息检索中读者兴趣偏好挖掘模型.实验仿真结果表明,采用改进模型时,其挖掘效率、时间及误差均优于传统模型.     

基于AHP和熵权TOPSIS模型的岩爆预测方法

为了准确预测地下金属矿的岩爆情况,建立了AHP和熵权TOPSIS模型。运用AHP和熵权法的基本原理,从岩性条件、应力条件和围岩条件3个方面选取预测指标,最终确定的指标为岩石的单轴抗压强度〖σ〗_c、压拉比〖σ〗_c/σ_t、弹性变形指数〖W〗_et、切应力与单轴抗压强度的比值〖σ〗_θ/σ_c和完整性系数〖K〗_v,分别为各预测指标分配合理的权重。然后,运用TOPSIS的基本原理,结合AHP和熵权法得到的权重来计算各岩爆等级临界值和实际矿山数据的贴近度,通过对比这2个贴近度来预测岩爆是否发生。实例研究表明：所建模型得到的预测结果与工程实际情况相一致,因此认为AHP和熵权TOPSIS模型可用于准确预测地下矿山的岩爆问题。     

基于TOPSIS法和灰色关联度的电网企业运营风险综合评价

针对电网企业运营过程中存在的风险,建立一套电网企业运营风险管理指标体系。在传统逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)的基础上引入灰色关联度,利用熵权法确定指标权重,通过计算得出待评价样本与理想样本之间的关联度及相对贴近程度;依据所得结果对决策指标的重要程度进行排序,得出在电网企业运营过程中不同指标的风险程度不同,并通过算例验证了该方法的可行性。