基于智能优化控制的磨矿过程综合自动化系统

本文首先概述了磨矿的工艺过程和控制要求,然后从系统结构与功能、智能优化控制策略等方面详细描述了磨矿过程综合自动化系统,最后谈到该系统的实施及应用效果。     

基于微基站发射功率的异构蜂窝网络能效优化

异构蜂窝网络（HetNet）的能量效率近年来引起了广泛的关注,然而,对于宏基站采用非泊松过程系统的能量效率的研究并不多。针对这一问题,研究了两层HetNet的能量效率,其中宏基站的部署采用β-Ginibre点过程（β-GPP）建模。首先,采用一种简单的近似方法分析了两层网络的信干比（SIR）分布;然后,推导出HetNet的覆盖概率、吞吐量和系统的能量效率;最后,提出一种有效的能量效率优化算法,寻找最优的微基站发射功率,使能量效率最大化。仿真结果表明,当β=1,宏基站的分布密度为2×10^-4 m^-2,微基站的分布密度为宏基站分布密度的2倍时,采用所提能量效率优化方案可以使系统能量效率提高约20%。实验结果验证了理论分析的准确性和提出的能效优化算法的有效性。     

VOD工艺在冶炼Z5CN12-04-M钢上的应用

简要介绍了VOD工艺在冶炼ZSCN12—04—M叶片钢上的成功应用。通过采用吹氧精炼和真空氧脱碳等工艺方法“保铬降碳”效果显著。结果表明:产品最终[C]=0.025％,VOD过程降C速率达到每分钟0.012％,总体Cr回收率达到87％,气体含量也达到了较低水平。     

过程层测控终端的同步技术研究

过程层为数字化变电站与传统变电站区别的关键部分,但实现技术较复杂。阐述数字化变电站过程层的概念,通过分析现有时钟同步技术,提出一种基于GPS时钟同步与NTP网络同步结合的过程层测控终端同步方案,基于FPGA技术的GPS时钟同步设计。实验结果表明：可以满足电力系统对同步精度需求。     

浅谈软件过程度量及技术

本文介绍了在软件工程中的度量问题,特别是过程度量的问题.介绍了它的定义和它的用途,并着重介绍了过程度量的方法,如,GQM法、COCOMO模型、功能点模型等.对以后解决软件度量方面的问题有很大帮助.     

挥发性有机化合物的净化处理技术

有机废气中大多含有低浓度的苯、甲苯、苯乙烯、多环芳烃等挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）。治理VOCs污染是大气污染治理的重要组成部分。叙述了吸收法、吸附法、生物法和低温等离子体4种废气净化技术的原理和国内外研究进展情况,并对其发展前景和研究方向进行了探讨。最后认为有机废气的联合协同处理方法是今后的一个重要研究方向。     

饮料混合机改进设计研究

饮料混合机是碳酸饲料生产最重要的组成部分，它的性能直接关系到饮料成品的成分和口味，本文介绍了国内两种典型饮料混合机的工艺流程和控制原理，深入分析了它们的特点，并基于O＋H混合机工作原理，在满足自动化程度和控制精度高、成本低的原则下，通过改进其控制策略，使关键部位的器件成本大大降低，从而达到了预期的效果。     

Intensified hydroformylation as an example for flexible intermediates production

One of the future challenges for chemical engineering is the design of flexible plants allowing an adaptation of production output to market development. Consequently, the target for the design of new processes must be the identification of equipment allowing such an expansion close to market development. To leverage the full benefit of this approach flexibility analysis has to be integrated into process design workflow. In this article the conventional technology for hydroformylation is compared to an intensified process design. This new design consists of a jet loop reactor followed by a membrane section to separate and recycle the homogenous catalyst. In the first part of the article it will be shown that process intensification leads to a net present value improvement of 30% compared to state of the art hydroformylation at a capacity of 100 kt/a. In the second part suitability of the intensified process for a stepwise plant expansion will be demonstrated. In an expansion scenario with two steps equivalent annual annuity is increased by 5% compared to a one step investment.     

A process synthesis-intensification framework for the development of sustainable membrane-based operations

In this paper a multi-level, multi-scale framework for process synthesis-intensification that aims to make the process more sustainable than a base-case, which may represent a new process or an existing process, is presented. At the first level (operation-scale) a conceptual base case design is synthesized through the sequencing of unit operations and subsequently analyzed for identifying process hot-spots using economic, life cycle and sustainability metrics. These hot-spots are limitations/bottlenecks associated with tasks that may be targeted for overall process improvement. At the second level (task-scale) a task-based synthesis method is applied where one or more tasks representing unit operations are identified and analyzed in terms of means-ends for generating intensified flowsheet alternatives. At the third level (phenomena-scale) a phenomena-based synthesis method is applied, where the involved phenomena in various tasks are identified, manipulated and recombined to generate new and/or existing unit operations configured into flowsheet alternatives that target the tasks associated with hot-spots. Every lower-scale or higher-level, generates more alternatives than their corresponding larger-scale. Those alternatives that are able to address the identified hot-spots therefore give innovative and more sustainable process designs that otherwise could not be found from the larger-scales. In this paper, membrane-based operations identified through this framework are highlighted in terms of extension of the combined intensification-synthesis method and its application to generate membrane-based operations. Also, application of the framework is illustrated through a case study involving the production of methyl acetate where membrane-based intensified operations play a major role in determining more sustainable process design alternatives.     

Gas–solid fluidized beds in vortex chambers

This review deals with gas–solid fluidized beds in vortex chambers. High-G fluidization can be achieved in a static geometry and allows significant process intensification. Thin, dense and more uniform particle beds can be obtained at high gas–solid slip velocities, intensifying interfacial transfer of mass, heat and momentum and reducing the gas–solid contact time. Existing fluidized bed processes can be carried out more efficiently and novel processing routes can be developed, e.g., involving cohesive particles or a dispersed liquid phase in relatively high concentrations.The first section of the review discusses the unique hydrodynamic characteristics of gas–solid fluidized beds in vortex chambers. The flow pattern, flexibility in the operating conditions and stability conditions are explained.The design of vortex chambers is dealt with in the second section and is critical for processing both larger and fine particles. The influence of the gas and solids in- and outlet design is focused on and insight is gained from recent theoretical, experimental and CFD studies.In the third section (potential) applications are discussed and process intensification and novel processing routes demonstrated. The fourth and last section presents extensions of the concept. Multi-zone operation and the integration of other technologies in vortex chambers are considered.