MnO2纳米材料的可控制备和催化性能研究

通过简单的水热法并在不使用表面活性剂的情况下成功地合成了α-MnO2纳米线,采用XRD和扫描电子显微镜研究了MnO2的晶相、成分和形貌,初步研究了反应温度对纳米结构MnO2合成的影响,对MnO2降解亚甲基蓝催化性能进行了测试。结果表明,α-MnO2纳米颗粒和纳米线的合成是可控的,α-MnO2纳米结构的尺寸和形貌对催化降解亚甲基蓝有较大的影响,其中150℃所得的α-MnO2纳米线,其直径约为20～30nm,降解效果最佳,180min可降解91%。     

微纳米分子系统研究领域的最新进展--IEEE NEMS 2013国际会议综述

2013年4月7日至10日，第八届IEEE国际纳米/微米工程及分子系统大会(IEEE-NEMS 2013)在中国苏州市召开[1-2]，来自世界各地的360多位专家、学者齐聚一堂，就微纳研究领域的微/纳米制造和计量、微/纳米传感器、执行器和系统、纳米医学、微/纳流体、生物芯片、纳米材料、碳纳米管、石墨烯器件、微纳传热器件、能量采集器等多个方向展开了学术讨论和交流，充分展示了国内外在以上研究领域的最新研究成果、热点和动态，并对其发展趋势进行了分析。NEMS 2013国际会议的成功举办表明，以微/纳米分子系统等为代表的研究领域已成为高科技的重要代表，并极大地影响着世界的发展和人类生活。     

Zwitterionic‐Coated “Stealth” Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances in Countering Biomolecular Corona Formation and Uptake by the Mononuclear Phagocyte System

Nanoparticles represent highly promising platforms for the development of imaging and therapeutic agents, including those that can either be detected via more than one imaging technique (multi‐modal imaging agents) or used for both diagnosis and therapy (theranostics). A major obstacle to their medical application and translation to the clinic, however, is the fact that many accumulate in the liver and spleen as a result of opsonization and scavenging by the mononuclear phagocyte system. This focused review summarizes recent efforts to develop zwitterionic‐coatings to counter this issue and render nanoparticles more biocompatible. Such coatings have been found to greatly reduce the rate and/or extent of non‐specific adsorption of proteins and lipids to the nanoparticle surface, thereby inhibiting production of the “biomolecular corona” that is proposed to be a universal feature of nanoparticles within a biological environment. Additionally, in vivo studies have demonstrated that larger‐sized nanoparticles with a zwitterionic coating have extended circulatory lifetimes, while those with hydrodynamic diameters of ≤5 nm exhibit small‐molecule‐like pharmacokinetics, remaining sufficiently small to pass through the fenestrae and slit pores during glomerular filtration within the kidneys, and enabling efficient excretion via the urine. The larger particles represent ideal candidates for use as blood pool imaging agents, whilst the small ones provide a highly promising platform for the future development of theranostics with reduced side effect profiles and superior dose delivery and image contrast capabilities.     

熔盐电解合成碳化硅纳米颗粒及其光致发光特性（英文）

提出一种一步熔盐电化学方法,以超细二氧化硅和碳粉混合物为原料合成碳化硅纳米颗粒。通过X射线衍射、电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、光致发光光谱等系统研究电解合成过程及产物的物化特性。提出二氧化硅/碳粉在氯化钙熔盐中电解合成纳米碳化硅时存在化学/电化学复合、电化学脱氧和原位碳化的耦合反应机理。结果表明,所制备的碳化硅纳米颗粒的粒径集中分布在8～14 nm,并具有多晶结构。此外,由于协同的尺寸效应和微观结构特征,碳化硅纳米颗粒具有明显的光致发光特性。     

Runx1 Messenger RNA Delivered by Polyplex Nanomicelles Alleviate Spinal Disc Hydration Loss in a Rat Disc Degeneration Model

Vertebral disc degenerative disease (DDD) affects millions of people worldwide and is a critical factor leading to low back and neck pain and consequent disability. Currently, no strategy has addressed curing DDD from fundamental aspects, because the pathological mechanism leading to DDD is still controversial. One possible mechanism points to the homeostatic status of extracellular matrix (ECM) anabolism, and catabolism in the disc may play a vital role in the disease’s progression. If the damaged disc receives an abundant amount of cartilage, anabolic factors may stimulate the residual cells in the damaged disc to secrete the ECM and mitigate the degeneration process. To examine this hypothesis, a cartilage anabolic factor, Runx1, was expressed by mRNA through a sophisticated polyamine-based PEG-polyplex nanomicelle delivery system in the damaged disc in a rat model. The mRNA medicine and polyamine carrier have favorable safety characteristics and biocompatibility for regenerative medicine. The endocytosis of mRNA-loaded polyplex nanomicelles in vitro, mRNA delivery efficacy, hydration content, disc shrinkage, and ECM in the disc in vivo were also examined. The data revealed that the mRNA-loaded polyplex nanomicelle was promptly engulfed by cellular late endosome, then spread into the cytosol homogeneously at a rate of less than 20 min post-administration of the mRNA medicine. The mRNA expression persisted for at least 6-days post-injection in vivo. Furthermore, the Runx1 mRNA delivered by polyplex nanomicelles increased hydration content by ≈43% in the punctured disc at 4-weeks post-injection (wpi) compared with naked Runx1 mRNA administration. Meanwhile, the disc space and ECM production were also significantly ameliorated in the polyplex nanomicelle group. This study demonstrated that anabolic factor administration by polyplex nanomicelle-protected mRNA medicine, such as Runx1, plays a key role in alleviating the progress of DDD, which is an imbalance scenario of disc metabolism. This platform could be further developed as a promising strategy applied to regenerative medicine.     

Photodynamic Therapy and Multi-Modality Imaging of Up-Conversion Nanomaterial Doped with AuNPs

Two key concerns exist in contemporary cancer chemotherapy in clinic: limited therapeutic efficiency and substantial side effects in patients. In recent years, researchers have been investigating a revolutionary cancer treatment technique, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proposed by many scholars. A drug for photodynamic cancer treatment was synthesized using the hydrothermal method, which has a high efficiency to release reactive oxygen species (ROS). It may also be utilized as a clear multi-modality bioimaging platform for photoacoustic imaging (PAI) due to its photothermal effect, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). When compared to single-modality imaging, multi-modality imaging delivers far more thorough and precise details for cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, Au-doped up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have an exceptionally high luminous intensity. The Au-doped UCNPs, in particular, are non-toxic to tissues without laser at an 808 nm wavelength, endowing the as-prepared medications with outstanding therapeutic efficacy but exceptionally low side effects. These findings may encourage fresh effective imaging-guided approaches to meet the goal of photodynamic cancer therapy to be created.     

锂离子在三维骨架复合锂金属负极中的沉积规律

锂金属具有极高的理论比容量和极低的氧化还原电极电势,成为了新一代高比能二次电池最理想的负极材料。然而,锂金属负极其走向大规模应用仍存在诸多问题与挑战。三维骨架复合负极可以控制金属锂均匀形核,低电流密度下均匀沉积,有望推动锂金属负极的实用化。为了更高效地指导锂金属负极设计和优化,采用相场理论,对三维骨架锂金属负极中比表面积对金属锂沉积过程的作用机制进行了定量分析和探究,发现了比表面积调控金属锂沉积的两阶段作用机理,并提出了基于比表面积参数的三维骨架负极设计与优化方向,从而最大程度发挥三维骨架在调控稳定金属锂负极上的积极作用。