旋风号火箭的设计和今后发展

旋风号运载火箭是独联体国家现在使用的一种重要的轻型火箭。它是以洲际弹道火道为基础设计的。重点介绍了该火箭的结构及其演变、设计思想、性能、发射系统以及今后的发展。     

液体火箭发动机研制情况的一些回顾

４０年来，我国液体火箭发动机的研制工作取得了很大成绩。文中对发动机的一些研制情况作了回顾，对ＹＦ－７３和ＹＦ－７５氢氧发动机的设计特点、飞行结果作了简单叙述。对今后工作也提出了看法。     

有关H－Ⅱ运载火箭的动力学课题研究

重点介绍有关Ｈ—Ⅱ运载火箭（以下简称Ｈ—Ⅱ）的一些动力学课题的研究状况。其中，重要的动力学课题有全箭振动、ＰＯＧＯ、防液体晃动、分离动力学试验、动力学环境试验等。针对这些动力学课题，日本有关部门已研究多年，既作了充分的地面试验，又进行了有效的工程应用研究，最终保证了Ｈ—Ⅱ的首次飞行成功。     

Improved Quality Output through Computer‐Based Training: An Automotive Assembly Field Study

In this article, two field experiments, conducted in an automotive assembly plant, evaluate how computer‐based training of operational sequences and related quality information can support the assembly performance of the operators. The experiments were performed during the launch of a new vehicle. A comparison was made of learning progress and quality performance between a reference group of operators that only had regular training and a test group for which some of the regular training was replaced with individual computer‐based training. Both quantitative measures of the quality output and questionnaires and observations were used to evaluate the effects of computer‐based training. The results show a clear positive difference in learning progress and improvements in quality output for the test group compared with the reference group. This combined with positive attitudes expressed by the operators and their team leaders shows that this type of training is an effective way to train operators during launches of new vehicles in automotive production.     

A neutronics analysis of long-life, sectored compact reactor concepts for lunar surface power

Neutronics analysis is performed of low temperature (≤900 K) Sectored Compact Reactor (SCoRe-N_x) concepts for operational lives >20 years. They are cooled with circulating liquid Nak-78. The reactor vessel and the UN fuel pins cladding are made of stainless steel. The power systems with the SCoRe-N_x concepts have no moving parts and employ SiGe thermoelectric elements for converting the reactor’s thermal power to electricity at a load voltage >300 VDC. Separate SiGe elements power the electromagnetic pumps that circulate the liquid NaK-78 in the reactor and 6 pairs of primary and secondary loops. Analysis confirmed that the submerged bare reactors in wet sand and flooded with seawater, in the unlikely event of a postulated launch abort accident, are sufficiently subcritical. Results show that the SCoRe-N₅-S concept is capable of operating for 62 full power years at 200 kW_th, while requiring 75% of the control drums to shutdown the reactor at BOL. With only 50% of the control drums required at BOL to shutdown the reactor, its operational life decreases to 39 full power years.     

运载火箭箱体壳段强度验算方法

提出了箱体壳段使用轴压的另一种计算方法。该方法可以解决同批运载火箭发射不同卫星引起载荷变化而出现的问题。     

发射设施热防护研究

热防护是热发射技术主要研究内容之一.提出在发射燃气动力学全三维仿真和相似理论研究的基础上,开展喷流缩比试验工作,通过喷流缩比试验对理论仿真结果和热防护方案进行验证,近似获得结构烧蚀范围和烧蚀程度,以指导热防护设计的工作思路,从而确定了"疏、堵、避、防,快速更换"的设计方法.     

运载火箭减载缓释机构缓释特性分析

为了提高发射可靠性,未来的运载火箭拟采用牵制释放系统.以一种新型强制式牵制释放系统为例,应用结构分析软件MSC/Marc建立了分析该系统中减载缓释机构缓释特性的有限元模型.计算结果表明:缓释销选用应变率无关型材料时,该机构的缓释力-行程曲线受火箭起飞速度等因素的影响较小,运载火箭的缓释行程以及缓释力-行程曲线可由减载缓释机构的设计来准确的控制.该机构对机械加工精度的要求不苛刻,易于加工.在选择缓释销的材料时应注意缓释过程中销内部可能出现的中心破裂.     

发展航天 共享辉煌

回顾了中国运载火箭的研制道路和研制成就，介绍了中国运载火箭技术研究院在航天高科技领域的预先研究和探索工作，以及在促进航天科技产业化方面所做的努力。