Stroke Caused by Small Vessel Occlusion in a Patient Taking Etoricoxib and Thalidomide

We report a 33-year-old man with seronegative arthritis who had an acute infarct at the left lentiform nucleus while taking etoricoxib and thalidomide regularly. Extensive investigations did not find any evidence of large artery atherosclerosis, vasculitis, cardioembolic source or anti-phospholipid antibodies. While it is possible that a short smoking history, hyperlipidemia, and the use of thalidomide could have contributed to the thrombosis of a small penetrator vessel, we postulated that the prolonged use of etoricoxib is another possible contributing factor.     

Human multiple myeloma cells express peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and undergo apoptosis upon exposure to PPARgamma ligands

Multiple myeloma is essentially an incurable malignancy and it is therefore of great interest to develop new therapeutic approaches. We previously reported that human B cell-lymphomas express the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and are killed by PPARgamma ligands. Herein, we investigate the therapeutic potential of PPARgamma ligands for multiple myeloma. The human multiple myeloma cell lines ANBL6 and 8226 express PPARgamma mRNA and protein. The PPARgamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and ciglitazone, induced multiple myeloma cell apoptosis as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase activation. Importantly, the ability of PPARgamma ligands to kill both multiple myeloma cell lines was not abrogated by Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multiple myeloma growth survival factor. Finally, the RXR ligand 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA) in combination with PPARgamma ligands greatly enhanced multiple myeloma cell killing. These new findings support that PPARgamma ligands may represent a novel therapy for multiple myeloma.     

反应停、紫杉醇对Lewis肺癌小鼠的抑瘤作用

目的　研究反应停、小剂量紫杉醇对 L ewis肺癌小鼠皮下移植瘤和肺转移瘤的抑制作用 ,并探讨其与肿瘤细胞凋亡和细胞周期的关系。方法　 50只荷 L ewis肺癌小鼠随机分为四组 ,分别给予生理盐水、反应停、小剂量紫杉醇、反应停联合小剂量紫杉醇治疗 ,第 2 1天处死动物 ,称取鼠重、瘤重、肺重 ,计数肺转移结节数 ,免疫组化染色记数肿瘤组织微血管密度 ,流式细胞仪检测肿瘤细胞凋亡率及细胞周期。结果　反应停、小剂量紫杉醇单独及联合治疗组肿瘤重量与对照组间差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5)。反应停、小剂量紫杉醇单独及联合治疗组肺重、肺转移结节数及肿瘤组织微血管密度均小于对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5)。各治疗组肿瘤细胞凋亡率及 G1、S、G2 期肿瘤细胞百分数与对照组间差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5)。结论　反应停、小剂量紫杉醇不能抑制 L ewis肺癌皮下移植瘤生长 ,但可抑制肿瘤肺转移 ,两药间无协同或拮抗作用。反应停、小剂量紫杉醇不诱导 L ewis肺癌细胞凋亡 ,不影响肿瘤细胞生长周期     

Renal cell carcinoma: review of novel single-agent therapeutics and combination regimens.

A search of the Medline database and ASCO 2003 conference proceedings was conducted to identify clinical trials currently underway using single-agent therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Combination trials were identified using the ASCO 2003 conference proceedings. Fourteen single-agent therapies employing different mechanisms of action were identified in the published literature: imatinib mesylate (Gleevec); bevacizumab (Avastin); thalidomide (Thalomid); gefitinib (ZD1839) (Iressa); cetuximab (IMC-C225) (Erbitux); bortezomib (PS-341) (Velcade); HSPPC-96 (Oncophage); BAY 59-8862; ABT-510; G250; CCI-779; SU5416; PTK/ZK; and ABX-EGF. Six distinct fields of clinical research have emerged: monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, vaccines, second-generation taxanes, nonapeptides and immunomodulators. Five combination regimens, primarily biological response modifiers (interleukin-2 or interferon-alpha), chemotherapy- or thalidomide-based, were identified. All therapies demonstrated acceptable toxicity profiles. Clinical benefit was assessed based on each study's reported criteria: antitumor response (regression or stability) ranged from 5% to 71%. In the past several years, significant advances in the underlying biological mechanisms of RCC, particularly the role of tumor angiogenesis, have permitted the design of molecularly targeted therapeutics. Based on preliminary and limited studies, combination therapies offer the greatest clinical benefit in the management of this malignancy, although additional basic research is still warranted.     

卡瑞利珠单抗联合沙利度胺治疗晚期肝细胞癌的疗效及安全性

目的:评估卡瑞利珠单抗联合沙利度胺在晚期肝细胞癌患者中的疗效和安全性。方法:收集2019年7月至2020年7月既往全身治疗进展或不耐受的晚期肝细胞癌患者24例,给予卡瑞利珠单抗200 mg静脉滴注,每3周给药1次;沙利度胺100 mg起始,1周后增至200 mg,每晚1次口服。评价疗效及安全性。结果:共24例患者纳入研究,其中1例完全缓解,8例部分缓解,9例疾病稳定,4例疾病进展,客观缓解率为37.5%（9/24）,疾病控制率为75.0%（18/24）。2例患者在随访期间死亡,死亡原因为疾病进展导致的多器官衰竭,中位PFS为6.5个月（95%CI,5.15~7.85）。最常见的不良反应是反应性皮肤毛细血管增生症（41.7%）、血小板减少（33.4%）、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶升高（25.0%）、白细胞减少（20.8%）和转氨酶升高（29.2%）,1例3级血小板减少事件,2例3级转氨酶升高事件,未发现4级及以上的不良反应。结论:卡瑞利珠单抗联合沙利度胺在晚期肝细胞癌患者中显示出一定的疗效和可控的安全性。对于既往全身治疗进展或不耐受的晚期肝细胞癌患者来说,这可能代表了一种新的治疗选择。     

沙利度胺及氨甲蝶呤抗CIA大鼠滑膜血管新生及其作用机制的研究

目的研究沙利度胺、氨甲蝶呤对大鼠Ⅱ型胶原诱导型关节炎血管新生的影响及相关的机制。方法建立类风湿性关节炎大鼠模型.自造模次日治疗组分别给予沙利度胺、甲氨蝶呤和沙利度胺联合甲氨蝶呤治疗,在第6周取膝关节应用免疫组化检测其滑膜的微血管密度(MVD),取血清进行Western Blot检测大鼠体内血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶-1、2、3、9的表达并计算相对含量。结果①免疫组织化学染色显示沙利度胺、氨甲蝶呤和沙利度胺联合氨甲蝶呤治疗模型大鼠可使关节滑膜中新生血管数量明显减少.微血管密度(MVD)明显降低(P<0.05).以沙利度胺联合氨甲蝶呤组作用最强。②沙利度胺、氨甲蝶呤和沙利度胺联合氨甲蝶呤可抑制VEGF、MMP-1、2、3、9表达(P均<0.05)。结论沙利度胺和氨甲蝶呤可能通过抑制VEGF,MMP-1、2、3、9的表达而发挥抗滑膜血管新生的作用,且两者有协同作用。     

沙利度胺治疗恶性肿瘤的研究进展

沙利度胺早期作为一种非巴比妥类镇静剂用于早孕反应的治疗,但由于严重的致畸作用而被禁用。随后的研究发现,沙利度胺具有抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）作用,1998年美国FDA批准其用于麻风病结节性红斑的治疗。近年来研究发现,沙利度胺具有抗血管生成及调节免疫等作用。目前,沙利度胺已经成为复发和难治性骨髓瘤标准治疗的一部分,和其他药物联合应用对其他实体肿瘤如神经胶质细胞瘤、前列腺癌、肾癌、恶性黑色素瘤和肺癌等的治疗显示一定效果,但其作用机制尚不完全明了。     

Thalidomide protects endothelial cells from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis but alters cell morphology

Summary.  Antiangiogenesis agents are now being used in clinical trials to reduce the risk of recurrence of cancer. Several of these agents, however, are associated with thrombosis, especially when used in combination with chemotherapy. Antiangiogenesis and thrombosis are both endothelial-related activities, and we therefore evaluated one presumed antiangiogenesis agent (thalidomide) on intact cultured endothelial cells, and on cultured endothelial cells injured by preincubation with doxorubicin. We evaluated cell viability, caspase-3 activation, morphology of cells using light microscopy, and protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-l) expression. In our experiments, doxorubicin induced a dose- and incubation time-dependent and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis of endothelial cells. Thalidomide alone caused no changes in intact endothelial cells in terms of morphology, cell viability or activation of caspase-3. In contrast, when thalidomide was added to doxorubicin-injured endothelial cells, there was protection from cell death, increase in viability of endothelial cells, induction of differentiation and formation of neotubules. Doxorubicin reduced the expression of thrombin receptor, PAR-1, as evaluated by immunostaining and flow cytometry. Thalidomide did not alter PAR-1 expression in untreated cells but restored its expression reduced by doxorubicin. These findings suggest that thalidomide may be procoagulant, not by enhancing doxorubicin-mediated endothelial cell injury, but by altering the expression of PAR-1 on injured endothelium and resulting in endothelial dysfunction, which may explain hypercoagulability in patients treated with chemotherapy followed by thalidomide.