无痛麻醉在拔牙术中的临床应用

目的：评价无痛麻醉技术的临床麻醉效果，寻求一种更有利于手术进行的局麻技术。方法：选择120例就诊于齿槽外科门诊需要拔牙的患者，将其随机分为对照组和实验组，每组60例。对照组施常规局麻，实施组施无痛麻醉技术，观察每组麻醉结束、术中及术后的血压、心率变化。结果：对照组与实验组对比，术中、术后观测指标的变化无显著性差异，麻醉结束后的观测指标15以下者无显著性差异，15岁以上者有显著性差异。结论：无痛麻醉技术与常规的局麻技术一样可以达到麻醉的目的，无痛麻醉可减少麻醉注射中因疼痛所引起的血压、心率的变化。     

乙型肝炎病毒转基因小鼠体内肝靶向反义RNA抗病毒疗效研究

目的：探讨半乳糖修饰的反义RNA真核表达质粒在乙型肝炎病毒转基因小鼠体内的抗病毒作用。方法：以半乳糖多聚赖氨酸（Gal-PLL)作肝靶向载体，将乙型肝炎病毒基因C区的反义RNA真核表达重组质粒（pCEP4-aC）制备为Gal-PLL－pCEP4-aC。将24只血清HBV DNA、HBsAg阳性的小鼠，随机等分为Gal-PLL－pCEP4-aC治疗组、Gal-PLL-pCEP4对照组和生理盐水阴性对照组，于实验第1天尾静脉分别注射Gal-PLL－pCEP4-aC、Gal-PLL－pCEP4（100μg/只）和等体积的生理盐水，观察治疗前后血清HBV DNA以及HBsAg变化。结果：Gal-PLL－pCEP4-aC治疗组21天时血清HBV－DNA转阴率62．5％（5／8），且7，14，21天时血清HBsAg明显降低；而Gal-PLL－pCEP4组血清HBV DNA转阴1只（1／8），生理盐水组8只均未转阴，两组用药后血清中HBsAg与用药前比较差异性均不明显（P＞0．05）。结论：肝靶向反义RNA能在乙肝基因小鼠体内抑制HBV的复制和抗原表达。     

Multiple pancreatic metastases from clear cell renal carcinoma: Diagnosis with chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging before surgery

We present a case in which multiple pancreatic tumours were diagnosed as metastatic clear cell renal carcinomas with chemical shift MRI (CSI) before surgery. Radiologists may be unable to recognize the loss of intensity on CSI macroscopically. We believe that it is useful to make subtraction images and calculate signal intensity on CSI, even if the lesions are multiple metastatic tumours.     

Changes in the content of Met-enkephalin in different brain structures during the development of immune response

Changes in the content of the opiate peptide Met-enkephalin at the early stages of immune response are studied in different structures of rats brain 20 min and 24 h after immunization with sheep erythrocytes. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 2, pp. 170–172, February, 1997     

Photodynamic therapy of tumours: value of quantum chemical procedures for characterization of new drugs. Prediction of the electronic structure of zinc(II) phthalocyanine with special emphasis on triplet state excitation energies

Zinc(II) phthalocyanine is the active component of the liposomal formulation CGP 55847 which showed a high activity in photodynamic therapy in a variety of animal tumours. The photophysical properties of zinc(II) phthalocyanine have been studied in detail and compared to those of Photofrin, the only sensitizing agent approved so far for phase III/IV clinical trials. Since the efficacy of photodynamic therapy intrinsically depends on the spectroscopic features of the sensitizer, quantum chemical methods have proven to be an efficient means for optimizing chemical structures. As will be shown, a simple modification of the time-honoured INDO model of Pople allows a prediction of the singlet and triplet state properties of molecules of the size of zinc(II) phthalocyanine with an rms error of ≤ 1000 cm⁻¹.     

Biological characterization of glutaraldehyde-modified Parietaria judaica pollen extracts

BACKGROUND: Allergoids are widely used in specific immunotherapy (SIT) for the treatment of IgE-mediated allergic diseases, but all techniques for standardization of conventional allergic extracts may not be appropriate for standardization of a glutaraldehyde (GA)-modified extract because of the unique characteristics of these extracts. OBJECTIVE: To assess an accurate methodology for standardization of chemically modified extracts. METHODS: GA-modified extracts from Parietaria judaica pollen were purified by diafiltration. Biochemical properties were investigated by determination of amino groups, chromatography, and SDS-PAGE. The IgE-binding activity was determined by skin prick test, enzyme allergosorbent test inhibition, basophil activation, and histamine release tests. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from P. judaica pollen-allergic subjects were stimulated with either native or allergoid extracts, and proliferation was measured. RESULTS: Biochemical data indicated a high degree of allergen polymerization resulting in extract components higher than 100 kDa. IgE-binding activity, both in vivo and in vitro, was reduced by more than 99.8%. Both allergen and allergoid induced PBMC proliferation and synthesis of blocking IgG antibodies at similar rates. Moreover, no evidence of introduction of new determinants by chemical modification was found. CONCLUSIONS: The preparation of GA-modified extracts by diafiltration is faster and more reliable than previous chromatographic methods. These modified extracts have drastically reduced their allergenicity while maintaining their immunogenicity, and therefore they can be used in safer and shortened schedules of SIT.     

The value of SCORAD and beyond. Towards a standardized evaluation of severity?

The clinical scoring systems of atopic dermatitis were analysed and compared. Some biological parameters that can correlate with the clinical score were also reviewed. After the definition of the disease based on validated clinical criteria, the second necessity was the availability of reliable severity scores to allow clinicians to verify the course of the disease and the efficacy of treatments. After many proposals, the SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis), that required more than three years of work, was the first one that was validated. SCORAD is freely available from an internet site and can be easily calculated using dedicated software. EASI (Eczema Area and Severity Index) score has also been validated but it has been modified twice. Simpler systems include SASSAD (Six Area, Six Sign Atopic Dermatitis) and TIS score (Three-Item Severity score). In parallel, biological parameters were investigated. Eosinophil cationic protein, circulating basophils, major basic protein, soluble E-selectin, antistaphylococcal enterotoxin B, immunoglobulin E titres and macrophage-derived chemokine, can correlate significantly with the clinical score. The clinicians will not benefit directly from laboratory techniques and will employ clinical scores.     

Optimal control of non‐linear chemical reactors via an initial‐value Hamiltonian problem

The problem of designing strategies for optimal feedback control of non‐linear processes, specially for regulation and set‐point changing, is attacked in this paper. A novel procedure based on the Hamiltonian equations associated to a bilinear approximation of the dynamics and a quadratic cost is presented. The usual boundary‐value situation for the coupled state–costate system is transformed into an initial‐value problem through the solution of a generalized algebraic Riccati equation. This allows to integrate the Hamiltonian equations on‐line, and to construct the feedback law by using the costate solution trajectory. Results are shown applied to a classical non‐linear chemical reactor model, and compared against suboptimal bilinear‐quadratic strategies based on power series expansions. Since state variables calculated from Hamiltonian equations may differ from the values of physical states, the proposed control strategy is suboptimal with respect to the original plant. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微创内固定系统治疗复杂股骨转子部骨折的初步报告

目的探讨微创内固定系统(LISS)治疗复杂股骨转子部骨折的可行性、手术技术及指征,并总结其近期临床治疗效果。方法自2005年6月～2006年5月,应用LISS治疗复杂股骨转子部骨折12例。骨折采用AO分类法,其中转子间骨折5例：31-A2．2型2例,31-A2．3型2例,31-A3．3型1例；转子下骨折7例：32-A3．1型1例,32-B1．1型3例,32-B2．1型1例,32-B3．1型2例。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间,术后观察有无感染、下肢深静脉血栓、心肺疾患、应激性溃疡等并发症。术后1、2、3、6、12个月时常规随访。结果手术时间50～90 min,平均65 min；出血量50～400 mL,平均142 mL,术后住院时间6～15 d,平均9．3 d。无死亡病例。所有患者均未出现切口感染、下肢深静脉血栓、术后心肺疾患、应激性溃疡等并发症。12例均获得3～14个月(平均7．2个月)随访。10例在术后3个月复查骨折时达到临床愈合,1例假体周围骨折术后4个月、1例病理性骨折术后6个月达到临床愈合。所有患者在最后一次随访时均无骨折再移位、髋内翻畸形、内固定切出、内固定失败及股骨头坏死。结论微创反向使用股骨LISS从生物力学和解剖结构上都能满足股骨近端骨折内固定要求,并具有创伤小、操作简便、固定可靠、安全性高、并发症少的特点,尤其适用于老年人合并内科疾病、骨质疏松较重的转子间骨折及复杂的股骨近端骨折。熟练掌握间接复位技术,正确放置A孔导针,避免过早负重是手术成功的关键。     

Hepatocyte isolation from pig livers after warm ischaemic injury

Abstract Hepatocyte cultures have been used extensively for a wide variety of physiological, pharmacological and experimental studies. The warm ischaemic period before isolation is kept to a minimum to achieve a high yield of cells isolated and a good viability for culture. We have recently introduced a new concept of liver resuscitation after warm ischaemia that is based on a 3-h reperfusion period with an improved perfusate and simultaneous dialysis. In this study, we applied the new technique for hepatocyte isolation from livers subjected to 80 min of complete ischaemia at 37 °C. Cell yield was improved by a resuscitating perfusion from 58% to 73% and viability from 39% to 76%.